30 Questions
What is the primary function of the central nervous system?
To integrate and control the body's physiological processes
Which of the following is not considered part of the hindbrain?
Thalamus
What is the primary function of the sensory division of the peripheral nervous system?
To convey information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system
Which of the following is a key difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?
The somatic system is responsible for voluntary movement, while the autonomic system is responsible for involuntary movement
What is the primary function of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system?
To coordinate voluntary muscle movement
Which of the following is a key function of the autonomic nervous system?
To regulate the involuntary functions of the body
What is the function of the ganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?
They excite the visceral effectors
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?
The preganglionic neuron's axon synapses with the postganglionic neuron's cell body
What is the function of the dorsal root ganglia in the somatic nervous system?
They contain sensory neurons that receive synaptic inputs
How many pairs of spinal nerves does the spinal cord give rise to?
31 pairs
What is the function of the Conus medullaris in the spinal cord?
It is the tapered inferior end of the spinal cord
What is the function of the Cauda equina in the spinal cord?
It is the origin of the spinal nerves extending inferiorly from the Conus medullaris
Where is the dura mater connected to the coccyx?
By the filum terminale externum
Which layer of the meninges is a thin transparent connective tissue that adheres to the surface of the spinal cord and brain?
Pia mater
Where are anesthetics typically injected in the spinal region?
Epidural space
What fills the subdural space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater?
Serous fluid
Which structure anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx?
Filum terminale externum
Where is the lumbar puncture commonly performed along the spine?
At the supracristal line L3-L4
Which anatomical structure is responsible for the leakage of the gelatinous nucleus pulposus in a herniated disc?
Anulus fibrosus
Which pair correctly matches a spinal nerve function with the type of nerve it carries?
GSA - Somatic sensory nerve
What is a common symptom of disc herniation according to the text?
Low back pain radiating to the leg
Which muscle action corresponds to the L3-L4 spinal root?
Knee extension
Which dermatome is associated with the L5-S1 spinal segment?
Lateral border of foot
'End organ of Ruffini' is sensitive to which stimulus according to the text?
Skin stretch
What type of receptors detect change in temperature?
Thermoreceptors
Which type of receptors detect damage, also known as pain receptors?
Nociceptors
What decreases when a receptor is continuously stimulated?
Sensitivity
In the labelled line theory, what does the term 'adequate stimulus' refer to?
The energy required to stimulate a sensory organ
Which pathway is responsible for discriminative touch sensation and conscious proprioception?
Posterior White Column-Medial Lemniscal Pathway
Which structure serves as the termination point for the 3rd neuron in the Posterior White Column-Medial Lemniscal Pathway?
Primary Somesthetic Area (S I)
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the autonomic nervous system, including the stimulation of ganglionic neurons, synapse between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons, and the difference from the somatic nervous system.
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