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Questions and Answers

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for sending nerve impulses to slow the heart's rate of contraction?

  • Sensory (afferent) division
  • Somatic nervous system
  • Parasympathetic division (correct)
  • Sympathetic division
  • Which division of the nervous system is likely to send nerve impulses carrying information about cool temperatures on the skin to the brain?

  • Sympathetic division
  • Parasympathetic division
  • Sensory (afferent) division (correct)
  • Somatic nervous system
  • Which division of the nervous system sends nerve impulses to direct movement in skeletal muscles?

  • Sensory (afferent) division
  • Somatic nervous system (correct)
  • Sympathetic division
  • Parasympathetic division
  • To which division of the nervous system do the nerve fibers of the optic nerve (Cranial nerve II) most likely belong?

    <p>Sensory (afferent) division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do ependymal cells do in the CNS?

    <p>Circulate cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are bipolar neurons commonly found?

    <p>Retina of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of acetylcholine in the nervous system?

    <p>Innervate skeletal muscle as an excitatory neurotransmitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the absolute refractory period of a neuron?

    <p>The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if neurons lose the function of acetylcholine esterase?

    <p>Inability to destroy and remove acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system form?

    <p>Ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of motor fibers in the nervous system?

    <p>Conduct nerve impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons convey information from somatic receptors and special senses to the CNS?

    <p>Sensory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the stimulus strength in the CNS?

    <p>Frequency of action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the integrative function of the nervous system?

    <p>Analyzing sensory information, storing information, and making decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of voltage-gated channels in neurons?

    <p>Participate in the generation and conduction of action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do neurons have extreme longevity and are they mitotic?

    <p>No, they do not have extreme longevity and are not mitotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter of the spinal cord?

    <p>Glycine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for propelling cellular components along microtubules?

    <p>Axonal transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reflects the time required for neurotransmitter release, diffusion across the synaptic cleft, and binding to receptors?

    <p>Synaptic delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles?

    <p>Somatic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do astrocytes do in the brain?

    <p>Change the permeability of capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do microglial cells in the CNS become to phagocytize invading microbes and neuronal debris?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of potential describes short distance depolarization?

    <p>Excitatory postsynaptic potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a role in emotional behavior and helps regulate the biological clock?

    <p>Biogenic amine neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What moves across excitable living membranes, and can open in response to electrical potential changes?

    <p>Ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interior surface of a neuron's plasma membrane like at resting membrane potential?

    <p>Has a negative charge and contains less sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a motor neuron in the body is stimulated?

    <p>The impulse would spread bidirectionally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can a second nerve impulse be generated?

    <p>After the membrane potential has been reestablished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for regulating the concentration of ions in the chemical environment surrounding neurons?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are primarily responsible for aiding in the regeneration of damaged nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for guiding the formation of synapses between newly developed neurons and other neurons?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are most responsible for removing bacterial infections that cause meningitis in the central nervous system?

    <p>Microglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of an action potential is best illustrated by the opening of voltage-gated sodium ion channels due to a threshold stimulus, causing further depolarization?

    <p>Positive feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for the one-way transmission of action potential down the axon, limits the frequency of action potentials, and stops the depolarization of the axon membrane?

    <p>Closing of inactivation gates in voltage-gated sodium ion channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period of an action potential is a larger than normal stimulus needed to cause another action potential due to the voltage-gated potassium ion channels remaining open long enough to hyperpolarize the axon membrane?

    <p>Relative refractory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spatial summation imply?

    <p>The postsynaptic cell has many synapses with many presynaptic neurons, leading to stimulation to threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does temporal summation imply?

    <p>A presynaptic neuron is sending frequent EPSP, leading to stimulation to threshold in the postsynaptic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely result of acetylcholine acting in an excitatory manner?

    <p>Opening of chemically gated sodium channels on the postsynaptic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

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