Nervous System part 1

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Questions and Answers

What divides the motor division of the nervous system?

Sensory and motor

Cerebral and peripheral

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Voluntary and involuntary (correct)

What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?

To transmit signals between neurons

To receive signals from other neurons (correct)

To insulate the axon

To carry information away from the cell body

Which of the following structures is responsible for insulating axons?

Myelin sheath (correct)

Cell body

Dendrites

Neuroglial cells

What is the role of Schwann cells in the nervous system?

To form the myelin sheath Signup and view all the answers

How do neurons communicate with one another?

Via synapses Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the cell body of a neuron?

It contains many organelles Signup and view all the answers

What are the Nodes of Ranvier primarily associated with?

Increasing impulse propagation speed Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system contains grey matter?

Centre of spinal cord and peripheral brain Signup and view all the answers

In terms of structure, how do axons generally compare to dendrites?

Axons can be longer than dendrites Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the neuron’s cell body when it undergoes damage?

It cannot be replaced Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for immediate responses?

Central Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What role does the sensory division of the peripheral nervous system have?

It collects information from receptors and relays it to the CNS. Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are predominantly found in nervous tissue?

Neurons and Glial Cells Signup and view all the answers

How does the endocrine system differ from the nervous system?

It provides slower and more prolonged responses. Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structures are included in the central nervous system?

Brain and Spinal Cord Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary function of the nervous system?

Detecting changes inside and outside the body Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the relationship between the nervous and endocrine systems?

Together, they maintain homeostasis. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with nervous tissue?

Stores energy for movement Signup and view all the answers

Which structures serve as receptors in the peripheral nervous system?

Skin, Muscles, and Organs Signup and view all the answers

What function does the myelin sheath serve for axons?

Increases the rate of impulse transmission Signup and view all the answers

What are the gaps in the myelin sheath called?

Nodes of Ranvier Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is responsible for providing myelination in the peripheral nervous system?

Schwann cells Signup and view all the answers

How do dendrites function in relation to the neuron's cell body?

They provide a large surface area for receiving information Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the resting potential of a neuron?

It is a stable electrical potential Signup and view all the answers

What role do neuroglial cells play in the nervous system?

Support and protect neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell continues to replicate throughout a person's life?

Microglia Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the action potential of a neuron?

A brief reversal of polarity happens Signup and view all the answers

Which properties of neurons involve their ability to respond to stimuli?

Irritability and conductivity Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily located in the area of blood vessels in the central nervous system?

Microglia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

To provide structural support Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming myelin in the central nervous system?

Oligodendrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What does the blood-brain barrier primarily protect the brain from?

Toxic substances and chemical changes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances can quickly cross the blood-brain barrier?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What are synaptic vesicles responsible for?

Storing neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

What is found in the space between neurons called?

Synaptic cleft Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitters are mentioned as being involved in synaptic transmission?

Acetylcholine and noradrenaline Signup and view all the answers

What structure forms a sleeve around blood vessels in the brain?

Astrocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the transmission of nerve impulses?

Involves more than one nerve often Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the protective barrier separating blood from neurons?

Capillary wall and astrocytes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System Divisions

The motor division of the nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movement, while the autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.

Neuron Structure and Function

Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body.
Schwann cells provide insulation for axons in the peripheral nervous system, forming the myelin sheath.
Neurons communicate with each other through neurotransmitters, chemicals released at synapses (gaps between neurons).
The cell body of a neuron contains the nucleus and other organelles, responsible for the neuron's metabolic functions.
Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath, essential for rapid impulse transmission.
Gray matter in the nervous system is primarily composed of neuron cell bodies.
Axons are typically longer and thinner than dendrites, and transmit impulses away from the cell body.
Damage to the neuron's cell body leads to its death.

Nervous System Organization

The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing and coordinating information.
The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body, carrying information to and from the CNS.
The sensory division of the PNS receives information from the body and transmits it to the CNS.
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for immediate responses.

Nervous Tissue and Cells

Neurons are the primary cells in nervous tissue, responsible for transmitting information.
The endocrine system uses hormones to communicate, while the nervous system uses neurotransmitters for faster communication.
The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.
The nervous system's primary function is to receive, process, and transmit information to control body functions.
The nervous and endocrine systems work together to maintain homeostasis in the body.

Nervous Tissue Characteristics and Structures

Nervous tissue is highly specialized and excitable.
Receptors in the peripheral nervous system are specialized structures that detect stimuli from the environment.
The myelin sheath insulates axons, allowing for faster and more efficient impulse transmission.
Nodes of Ranvier are unmyelinated gaps between segments of myelin, facilitating rapid nerve impulse conduction.
Schwann cells are responsible for myelination in the peripheral nervous system.
Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body.

Neuron Physiology

The resting potential of a neuron is the electrical potential across the cell membrane when the neuron is at rest.
Neuroglial cells support and protect neurons, aiding in their function.
Neuroglial cells continue to replicate throughout a person's life.
During the action potential, a rapid change in electrical potential occurs across the neuron's membrane, allowing for the transmission of nerve impulses.
Irritability and conductivity are properties of neurons that allow them to respond to stimuli and conduct nerve impulses.

Central Nervous System Structures and Functions

Blood vessels are primarily located in the area of blood vessels in the CNS.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells in the CNS with various functions, including maintaining the blood-brain barrier and providing support for neurons.
Oligodendrocytes are glial cells in the CNS responsible for forming myelin sheaths around axons.
The blood-brain barrier protects the brain from harmful substances in the bloodstream.
Lipid-soluble substances can quickly cross the blood-brain barrier.

Synaptic Transmission

Synaptic vesicles store and release neurotransmitters.
The space between neurons is called the synaptic cleft.
Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and dopamine are neurotransmitters involved in synaptic transmission.

Blood-Brain Barrier Composition

The blood-brain barrier is a protective barrier made of tight junctions between endothelial cells of blood vessels and surrounding astrocytic foot processes.
Nerve impulses are transmitted through the release of neurotransmitters at synapses.
The blood-brain barrier is composed of specialized endothelial cells, a basement membrane, and astrocytic foot processes.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the structure and function of the nervous system with this quiz that covers various aspects such as neuron parts, divisions of the nervous system, and key cellular functions. Perfect for students studying biology or neuroscience.