Y1S1 007 III Physiology Neuroscience I: Functional Organization of the Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of ependymal cells in the brain?

  • To direct cell migration during brain development (correct)
  • To maintain the functional integrity of the axon
  • To synthesize proteins involved in neurotransmission
  • To facilitate axoplasmic transport

    • What is the characteristic feature of the axon hillock?

  • It contains Nissl granules
  • It is responsible for maintaining the functional integrity of the axon
  • It is involved in neurotransmission
  • It is the most excitable axonal region (correct)

    • What is the direction of anterograde transport in axons?

  • From the terminal endings to the soma
  • From the axon hillock to the dendrites
  • From the dendrites to the cell body
  • From the soma to the terminal endings (correct)

    • What is the consequence of axon severing in Wallerian degeneration?

    <p>The part distal to the lesion degenerates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the change observed in the cell body within 24 hours of injury in Wallerian degeneration?

    <p>Chromatolysis occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the degeneration of the axon distal to the site of injury?

    <p>Orthograde or Wallerian degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the oligodendroglial cells in the white matter of the central nervous system?

    <p>Forming myelin sheaths on central neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a nerve regenerates following a lesion?

    <p>Wallerian degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the astroglial cells in the nervous system?

    <p>Forming myelin sheaths on central neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of molecules and organelles within the axon of a neuron?

    <p>Axoplasmic transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the central nervous system?

    <p>Integrating sensory information and enabling adaptation to the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated ratio of non-neuronal cells to neurons in the human nervous system?

    <p>10:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why transection of axons in the brain does not normally lead to regeneration?

    <p>Lack of Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increased responsiveness of the end-organs or muscles following injury of the peripheral nerve?

    <p>Denervation hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which Schwann cells spin new myelin around the new axon?

    <p>Regenerative myelination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the destruction of higher centers in the CNS?

    <p>Increased activity of lower centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the central axon grows out in several directions following injury?

    <p>Regenerative sprouting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of original diameter achieved by the peripheral nerve following regeneration?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

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