Neuroscience Chapter 4: Action Potentials
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Questions and Answers

What role does the sodium-potassium pump play in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

  • It increases the intracellular K+ concentration.
  • It decreases the intracellular Na+ concentration.
  • It maintains the negative resting membrane potential. (correct)
  • It channels Na+ ions into the extracellular space.

    • What happens when the positive charge reaches a threshold during an action potential?

  • Na+ channels become permanently active.
  • The resting membrane potential is enhanced further.
  • K+ ions begin to flood into the cell.
  • Na+ channels close and become temporarily inactive. (correct)

    • Which of these best describes the propagation of an action potential along a neuron?

  • It occurs through passive diffusion along the membrane.
  • It travels at varying speeds based on the ion concentration.
  • It requires continuous reinforcement from the sodium-potassium pump.
  • It spreads in a 'one-way' direction along the axon. (correct)

    • What is the charge inside the cell when the action potential reaches its peak?

    <p>+30 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is necessary for the sodium-potassium pump to function?

    <p>Active transport using ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons have their cell bodies in ganglia?

    <p>Sensory afferent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is associated with cholinergic motor neurons?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of current carries the charge in a solution?

    <p>Ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical resting potential of a neuron?

    <p>-70 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion is primarily diffusing out of the neuron during resting potential?

    <p>Potassium (K+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism generates the resting potential in neurons?

    <p>Sodium-potassium pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neuron primarily has stellate or pyramidal shapes?

    <p>Inter-neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During resting potential, the inside of the neuron is primarily high in which ion?

    <p>Potassium (K+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neuron types is primarily involved in transmitting signals to muscles?

    <p>Motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge distribution across a neuron's plasma membrane during resting potential?

    <p>Negative inside, positive outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which taste is associated with sweet sensation?

    <p>Sweet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex is associated with the biceps muscle?

    <p>C5, C6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the parasympathetic division have on the pupil of the eye?

    <p>Constricts the pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During rest and digestion, which of the following actions is promoted by the parasympathetic division?

    <p>Inhibits heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters are released by the adrenal gland in a sympathetic response?

    <p>Epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the sympathetic division on the bronchi?

    <p>Relaxes the bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ's functions are inhibited by the sympathetic division?

    <p>Salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these functions is NOT associated with the parasympathetic division?

    <p>Accelerates heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a sympathetic response, which of the following is promoted?

    <p>Epinephrine release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex is primarily responsible for the knee jerk reaction?

    <p>Patellar reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

    <p>To allow saltatory conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the role of the nodes of Ranvier?

    <p>They allow action potentials to jump during conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when an action potential reaches the end of an axon?

    <p>It triggers the release of neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is known for its role in muscle contraction?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transmission occurs at the synapse?

    <p>Electrical to chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'refractory period'?

    <p>The time when a neuron is less responsive to stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of increased axon diameter on signal transmission?

    <p>Lower resistance to signal flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is spatial summation in neuronal signaling?

    <p>Combining signals from multiple neurons at different locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of inhibitory neurotransmitters?

    <p>They decrease the likelihood of action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters has an excitatory effect?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?

    <p>Synaptic knob</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on a receiving neuron?

    <p>Ion channels open or close</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is specifically classified as inhibitory?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily associated with dopamine pathways?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do action potentials play in neurotransmitter release?

    <p>They stimulate synaptic vesicles to fuse with the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a neurotransmitter?

    <p>Tomato ketchup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

    <p>To facilitate communication between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is linked to mood regulation and is often targeted by SSRIs?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic division?

    <p>Accelerates heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the parasympathetic division in the digestive system?

    <p>Stimulates stomach activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the bronchi under the influence of the sympathetic division?

    <p>They dilate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the sympathetic division affect the salivary glands?

    <p>Inhibits saliva production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which response is associated with the stimulation of the adrenal glands?

    <p>Release of epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to urination under sympathetic division activation?

    <p>It is inhibited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the parasympathetic division have on the heart?

    <p>Inhibits heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the parasympathetic division affect the genitalia?

    <p>Promotes erection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the pancreatic response in the sympathetic division?

    <p>Stimulates glucose release</p> Signup and view all the answers

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