The Myelin Sheath Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which ion is primarily responsible for the positive charge outside of a neuron at rest?

  • Sodium (Na+) (correct)
  • Potassium (K+)
  • Proteins (A-)
  • Chloride (Cl-)

    • What is the approximate membrane potential of a neuron at rest?

  • -70 mV (correct)
  • -40 mV
  • -50 mV
  • -60 mV

    • What is the main fuel source for the Sodium-Potassium pump?

  • Proteins (A-)
  • Sodium (Na+)
  • Chloride (Cl-)
  • ATP (correct)

    • What is the threshold voltage for an action potential to occur?

    <p>-55 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the voltage dependent Na+ channels during depolarization?

    <p>They close</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the voltage dependent K+ channels during repolarization?

    <p>They open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron receives information from other neurons?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the axon?

    <p>Transmits electrical information within the neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of axoplasmic transport from the soma to the terminal buttons?

    <p>Anterograde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What attaches to the 'to be transported' anterograde item and moves it down the microtubules?

    <p>Kinesin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the neuron membrane?

    <p>Separates inside from outside of neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inserted into the neuron membrane?

    <p>Both receptors and ion channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant was used by Aztec physicians in Central America to treat toothaches?

    <p>Chili pepper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Opium is derived from the latex in the husk of which flower?

    <p>Poppy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug was widely used in ancient history and was first cultivated by Sumerians in 3400 BC?

    <p>Opium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who made the mixture of wine and cocaine called 'Vin Mariani' that was adored by elites?

    <p>Angelo Mariani</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance was removed from 'Vin Mariani' and Coca-Cola in the early 20th century due to health issues?

    <p>Cocaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cannabis is believed to have been used in ancient Central and South Asia for thousands of years. In a 2,700-year-old grave in western China, how many grams of cannabis was found?

    <p>789 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells produce the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the only place where ions can be exchanged in a myelinated neuron?

    <p>Nodes of Ranvier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the action potential jumps from one Node of Ranvier to another in a myelinated neuron?

    <p>Saltatory conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the action potential?

    <p>To communicate with other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the action potential hits the terminal button of a neuron?

    <p>Ca2+ channels open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the synaptic vesicles in the terminal button of a neuron?

    <p>To store neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary cannabis species?

    <p>Cannabis hybrid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the psychoactive cannabinoid found in marijuana?

    <p>Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical class is NOT found in cannabis plants?

    <p>Steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who advocated for cannabis use in migraine in the early 19th century?

    <p>William O’Shaughnessy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor derailed the medicinal use of cannabis in the United States?

    <p>Political propaganda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which government agency approved synthetic versions of Δ9-THC for medicinal purposes?

    <p>Federal Drug Administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>Receivers of information from other neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the soma in a neuron?

    <p>Core of neuron function/energy/life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the axon in a neuron?

    <p>Carrier of electrical information from one end of neuron to the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that moves proteins and other matter along microtubule tracks in a neuron?

    <p>Axoplasmic transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What attaches to the 'to be transported' retrograde item and moves it up the microtubules?

    <p>Dynein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the neuron membrane?

    <p>Phospholipid bilayer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical membrane potential of a neuron at rest?

    <p>-70 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key ions involved in the membrane potential of a neuron at rest?

    <p>Proteins (A-), Sodium (Na+), Chloride (Cl-), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the negative charge inside the neuron at rest?

    <p>Negatively charged proteins (A-)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

    <p>To maintain the balance of Na+ outside of the neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two forces that surround a neuron?

    <p>Diffusion and electrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold voltage for an action potential to occur?

    <p>-55 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three primary cannabis species?

    <p>Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the psychoactive cannabinoid found in marijuana?

    <p>delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in marijuana?

    <p>cannabidiol (CBD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many distinct compounds are found in the leaves and flowering tops of cannabis plants?

    <p>at least 489</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who grew cannabis on his plantation for about 30 years?

    <p>George Washington</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did George Washington cultivate cannabis for?

    <p>to increase the potency of his crop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main ingredient of opium called?

    <p>morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed a method for refining the active ingredients of coca leaves?

    <p>Albert Niemann</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the birth of Coca-Cola originally called?

    <p>French Coca Wine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who replaced alcohol with soda water in the French Coca Wine?

    <p>John Pemberton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance was removed from both 'Vin Mariani' and Coca-Cola due to health issues?

    <p>cocaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who said the quote: 'Why with the time do I not glance aside To new-found methods, and to compounds strange. Why write I still all one, ever the same, And keep invention in a noted weed...'

    <p>William Shakespeare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?

    <p>The myelin sheath protects the neuron and allows for faster conduction of the action potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Nodes of Ranvier?

    <p>The Nodes of Ranvier are the only places where ions can be exchanged, allowing for the retriggering of the action potential and faster conduction in myelinated neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft?

    <p>Neurotransmitters are released from the pre-synaptic neuron and bind to specific receptors on the post-synaptic neuron, facilitating communication between neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the action potential reaches the terminal button?

    <p>Ca2+ channels open, leading to an influx of Ca2+ ions. This causes fusion of synaptic vesicles with the membrane and the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of drugs in ancient medicine?

    <p>Ancient drugs were used for rituals, medicinal purposes, improved capacity/performance, and recreation. They were typically of plant origin and their discovery was based on trial and error over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a neuron?

    <p>The main function of a neuron is to serve as an effective communication relay apparatus, transferring information from one end to another and setting up a transfer to the next neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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