The Myelin Sheath Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which ion is primarily responsible for the positive charge outside of a neuron at rest?

  • Sodium (Na+) (correct)
  • Potassium (K+)
  • Proteins (A-)
  • Chloride (Cl-)

What is the approximate membrane potential of a neuron at rest?

  • -70 mV (correct)
  • -40 mV
  • -50 mV
  • -60 mV

What is the main fuel source for the Sodium-Potassium pump?

  • Proteins (A-)
  • Sodium (Na+)
  • Chloride (Cl-)
  • ATP (correct)

What is the threshold voltage for an action potential to occur?

<p>-55 mV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the voltage dependent Na+ channels during depolarization?

<p>They close (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the voltage dependent K+ channels during repolarization?

<p>They open (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the neuron receives information from other neurons?

<p>Dendrites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the axon?

<p>Transmits electrical information within the neuron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of axoplasmic transport from the soma to the terminal buttons?

<p>Anterograde (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attaches to the 'to be transported' anterograde item and moves it down the microtubules?

<p>Kinesin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the neuron membrane?

<p>Separates inside from outside of neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inserted into the neuron membrane?

<p>Both receptors and ion channels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant was used by Aztec physicians in Central America to treat toothaches?

<p>Chili pepper (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Opium is derived from the latex in the husk of which flower?

<p>Poppy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug was widely used in ancient history and was first cultivated by Sumerians in 3400 BC?

<p>Opium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who made the mixture of wine and cocaine called 'Vin Mariani' that was adored by elites?

<p>Angelo Mariani (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance was removed from 'Vin Mariani' and Coca-Cola in the early 20th century due to health issues?

<p>Cocaine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cannabis is believed to have been used in ancient Central and South Asia for thousands of years. In a 2,700-year-old grave in western China, how many grams of cannabis was found?

<p>789 grams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells produce the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>Oligodendrocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the only place where ions can be exchanged in a myelinated neuron?

<p>Nodes of Ranvier (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when the action potential jumps from one Node of Ranvier to another in a myelinated neuron?

<p>Saltatory conduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the action potential?

<p>To communicate with other neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the action potential hits the terminal button of a neuron?

<p>Ca2+ channels open (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the synaptic vesicles in the terminal button of a neuron?

<p>To store neurotransmitters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary cannabis species?

<p>Cannabis hybrid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the psychoactive cannabinoid found in marijuana?

<p>Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical class is NOT found in cannabis plants?

<p>Steroids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who advocated for cannabis use in migraine in the early 19th century?

<p>William O’Shaughnessy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor derailed the medicinal use of cannabis in the United States?

<p>Political propaganda (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which government agency approved synthetic versions of Δ9-THC for medicinal purposes?

<p>Federal Drug Administration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dendrites in a neuron?

<p>Receivers of information from other neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the soma in a neuron?

<p>Core of neuron function/energy/life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the axon in a neuron?

<p>Carrier of electrical information from one end of neuron to the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called that moves proteins and other matter along microtubule tracks in a neuron?

<p>Axoplasmic transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attaches to the 'to be transported' retrograde item and moves it up the microtubules?

<p>Dynein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the neuron membrane?

<p>Phospholipid bilayer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical membrane potential of a neuron at rest?

<p>-70 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key ions involved in the membrane potential of a neuron at rest?

<p>Proteins (A-), Sodium (Na+), Chloride (Cl-), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the negative charge inside the neuron at rest?

<p>Negatively charged proteins (A-)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

<p>To maintain the balance of Na+ outside of the neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two forces that surround a neuron?

<p>Diffusion and electrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold voltage for an action potential to occur?

<p>-55 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three primary cannabis species?

<p>Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the psychoactive cannabinoid found in marijuana?

<p>delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in marijuana?

<p>cannabidiol (CBD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many distinct compounds are found in the leaves and flowering tops of cannabis plants?

<p>at least 489</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who grew cannabis on his plantation for about 30 years?

<p>George Washington</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did George Washington cultivate cannabis for?

<p>to increase the potency of his crop</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main ingredient of opium called?

<p>morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed a method for refining the active ingredients of coca leaves?

<p>Albert Niemann</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the birth of Coca-Cola originally called?

<p>French Coca Wine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who replaced alcohol with soda water in the French Coca Wine?

<p>John Pemberton</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance was removed from both 'Vin Mariani' and Coca-Cola due to health issues?

<p>cocaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who said the quote: 'Why with the time do I not glance aside To new-found methods, and to compounds strange. Why write I still all one, ever the same, And keep invention in a noted weed...'

<p>William Shakespeare</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?

<p>The myelin sheath protects the neuron and allows for faster conduction of the action potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Nodes of Ranvier?

<p>The Nodes of Ranvier are the only places where ions can be exchanged, allowing for the retriggering of the action potential and faster conduction in myelinated neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft?

<p>Neurotransmitters are released from the pre-synaptic neuron and bind to specific receptors on the post-synaptic neuron, facilitating communication between neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the action potential reaches the terminal button?

<p>Ca2+ channels open, leading to an influx of Ca2+ ions. This causes fusion of synaptic vesicles with the membrane and the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of drugs in ancient medicine?

<p>Ancient drugs were used for rituals, medicinal purposes, improved capacity/performance, and recreation. They were typically of plant origin and their discovery was based on trial and error over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a neuron?

<p>The main function of a neuron is to serve as an effective communication relay apparatus, transferring information from one end to another and setting up a transfer to the next neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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