Neuroscience and Psychology Terms
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the part of the brain that controls basic life functions, like breathing and heartbeat?

  • Cerebral cortex
  • Cerebellum
  • Brain stem (correct)
  • Basal ganglia

    • What is the name of the brain region involved in speech production?

  • Broca's area (correct)
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Basal ganglia
  • Wernicke's area

    • What is the term for the abnormal connection between arteries and veins in the brain?

  • Cerebral edema
  • Aneurysm
  • Blood-brain barrier
  • Arteriovenous malformation (correct)

    • What is the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord and provides cushioning and nutrients?

    <p>Cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lack of muscle coordination, affecting balance and movement?

    <p>Ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the warning sign before a seizure, such as unusual smells or sensations?

    <p>Aura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion?

    <p>Autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of seizure involving brief, sudden lapses in attention and activity?

    <p>Absence seizure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the difficulty with language, affecting speaking, understanding, or both?

    <p>Aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the protective barrier that prevents certain substances in the blood from entering the brain?

    <p>Blood-brain barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hemiparesis?

    <p>Paralysis on one side of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a seizure that affects both sides of the brain from the start?

    <p>Generalized seizure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cerebrum?

    <p>Higher brain functions like thought and action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition where blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted, causing brain damage?

    <p>Cerebrovascular accident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a prolonged seizure or series of seizures without full recovery in between?

    <p>Status epilepticus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the opposite side of the body or brain?

    <p>Contralateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is involved in hearing and memory?

    <p>Temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for difficulty swallowing?

    <p>Dysphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a brain region controlling hormones and body temperature?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Preparing the body for 'fight or flight' responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for cells in the nervous system that support and protect neurons?

    <p>Supporting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fold of dura mater that separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

    <p>Falx cerebri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain?

    <p>Transient ischemic attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of seizure with muscle stiffening and jerking movements?

    <p>Grand mal seizure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for seizures with no identifiable cause?

    <p>Idiopathic seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the pressure inside the skull?

    <p>Intracranial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the stiffening and jerking movements seen in certain seizures?

    <p>Tonic-clonic movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the brain structure that relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fold of dura mater separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

    <p>Tentorium cerebelli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the brain region involved in understanding language?

    <p>Wernicke's area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of an ischemic stroke?

    <p>A blockage in a blood vessel supplying the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for processing sensory information?

    <p>Parietal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myelin sheath around nerve fibers?

    <p>To speed up nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the gaps in the myelin sheath where nerve impulses are boosted?

    <p>Nodes of Ranvier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>To conserve energy and relax the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the recovery period after a seizure?

    <p>Post-ictal state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for seizures caused by a specific trigger, such as a head injury or fever?

    <p>Provoked/secondary/acute symptomatic seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the network of neurons in the brain stem involved in arousal and alertness?

    <p>Reticular activating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which nerve impulses jump from one node of Ranvier to the next?

    <p>Saltatory conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the part of the nervous system that controls voluntary movements?

    <p>Somatic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Seizures and Brain Function

    • Absence seizure: a brief, sudden lapse in attention and activity, often mistaken for daydreaming
    • Aura: a warning sign before a seizure, such as unusual smells or sensations
    • Automatisms: repetitive, unconscious movements, like lip-smacking, often occurring during seizures
    • Focal seizure: a seizure that starts in one area of the brain
    • Generalized seizure: a seizure that affects both sides of the brain from the start
    • Grand mal seizure: a type of generalized seizure with muscle stiffening (tonic) and jerking movements (clonic)
    • Provoked seizure: a seizure caused by a specific trigger, such as a head injury or fever
    • Unprovoked seizure: a seizure with no identifiable cause

    Brain Structure and Function

    • Basal ganglia: brain structures involved in movement control
    • Brain stem: the part of the brain that controls basic life functions, like breathing and heartbeat
    • Cerebellum: the part of the brain that controls balance and coordination
    • Cerebral cortex: the outer layer of the brain involved in complex thinking, perception, and voluntary movement
    • Cerebrum: the largest part of the brain, responsible for higher brain functions like thought and action
    • Frontal lobe: the part of the brain involved in decision-making, problem-solving, and movement
    • Occipital lobe: the part of the brain responsible for vision
    • Parietal lobe: the part of the brain involved in processing sensory information
    • Temporal lobe: the part of the brain involved in hearing and memory

    Nerve Function and Neurotransmission

    • Afferent nerve fibers: nerve fibers that carry sensory information from the body to the brain
    • Efferent nerve fibers: nerve fibers that carry signals from the brain to the muscles
    • Myelin: the protective sheath around nerve fibers that speeds up nerve impulses
    • Nodes of Ranvier: gaps in the myelin sheath where nerve impulses are boosted
    • Neurotransmitter: chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse between neurons
    • Receptor: a protein on a cell that receives signals from neurotransmitters or hormones
    • Saltatory conduction: the process by which nerve impulses jump from one node of Ranvier to the next

    Other Neurological Concepts

    • Arteriovenous malformation (AVM): an abnormal connection between arteries and veins in the brain, which can cause bleeding
    • Ataxia: lack of muscle coordination, affecting balance and movement
    • Aphasia: difficulty with language; expressive aphasia affects speaking, receptive aphasia affects understanding, and global aphasia affects both
    • Autonomic nervous system (ANS): the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion
    • Blood-brain barrier: a protective barrier that prevents certain substances in the blood from entering the brain
    • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord that provides cushioning and nutrients
    • Hemorrhagic stroke: a stroke caused by bleeding in the brain
    • Ischemic stroke: a stroke caused by a blockage in a blood vessel supplying the brain
    • TIA (transient ischemic attack): a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain, often called a "mini-stroke"

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    Neuro vocab.docx

    Description

    A quiz on various medical terms related to the brain and nervous system, including seizures, nerve fibers, language disorders, and blood vessel abnormalities.

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