Neurophysiology Overview Quiz

The study of the functions of the nervous system.

A network of cells that transmit signals between different parts of the body.

The basic units of the nervous system that transmit information.

The junction between two neurons where communication occurs.

An electrical signal that travels along a neuron.

Cells in the brain that support and influence neurons.

The state of a neuron at approximately -70 mV, ready to fire.

The process of making the neuron more positive after a stimulus.

Restoration of the negative charge inside the neuron.

The small gap between the axon terminal and the next neuron's dendrite.

The process of sending signals across the synaptic cleft.

Chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons by binding to receptors.

Process where neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the presynaptic neuron after signaling.

The cell body of a neuron containing the nucleus and integrating signals.

Cytoplasm of the soma excluding the nucleus; vital for neuron health.

Combination of rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes in neurons, producing proteins.

Hollow protein filaments serving as transport highways within the neuron.

Movement of materials from soma to axon terminals, powered by kinesin.

Movement of materials from axon terminals back to the soma for recycling.

A fatty substance that insulates neural axons.

Gaps in the myelin sheath that facilitate saltatory conduction.

Neurons with one axon and multiple dendrites, mainly in the CNS.

Sensory neurons with a single process that divides into two branches.

Neurons with one axon and one dendrite, mostly in sensory pathways.

Synapses where an axon connects to a dendrite of another neuron.

The additive effect of multiple signals from the same synapse occurring rapidly.

Integration of multiple neural signals over time and space.

The maintenance of ions, particularly potassium (K), for neuron excitability.

The process of reusing neurotransmitters, like glutamate, to maintain brain function.

Scars formed by glial cells in response to CNS injuries.

Unique glial cells in the CNS serving as precursors for oligodendrocytes.

The immune cells of the CNS that detect and remove harmful substances.

Fluid produced and regulated by ependymal cells that cushions the brain and spinal cord.

Specialized ependymal cells that actively secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

A condition caused by dysfunction in ependymal cells leading to excess CSF accumulation.

A group of neurotransmitters derived from amino acids, including dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and histamine.

A neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, movement, and mood regulation; linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.

A neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, appetite, and cognition; low levels are associated with depression and anxiety.

A neurotransmitter that controls alertness, attention, and the fight-or-flight response; low levels linked to depression, high levels to anxiety.

Also known as adrenaline, it is involved in the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and blood flow.

A neuropeptide involved in pain perception, released during injury and inflammation.

Neuropeptides that act as natural painkillers, reducing pain perception by binding to opioid receptors.

ATP acts as a neurotransmitter influencing synaptic activity and neuronal excitability via purinergic receptors.