Neurophysiology Overview Quiz

<p>Neuroanatomy provides the framework for understanding the functional aspects studied in neurophysiology. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It explains how the nervous system processes information and controls behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glia actively participate in neural signaling, brain plasticity, and cognitive functions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The membrane potential becomes more negative as potassium ions exit the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An action potential only occurs if the stimulus reaches a specific threshold, and its strength remains constant regardless of the stimulus intensity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The synaptic cleft acts as a physical barrier between neurons, ensuring that signals are transmitted chemically. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium ions enter the axon terminal, causing vesicles containing neurotransmitters to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release their contents. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical synapse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synaptic transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It pumps potassium ions (K ) into the cell and sodium ions (Na ) out of the cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelin increases the speed and efficiency of signal transmission by enabling saltatory conduction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multipolar neuron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmitting sensory information from the periphery to the spinal cord. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the most common type of neuron in the nervous system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A synapse where the axon of one neuron connects to the dendrite of another neuron. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excitatory synapses release neurotransmitters that increase the chance of an action potential, while inhibitory synapses release neurotransmitters that decrease the chance of an action potential. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Summation of signals from the same synapse arriving in rapid succession. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of myelin sheath (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polydendrocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detecting and removing harmful substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the most abundant glial cells in the CNS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secreting cerebrospinal fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astrocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmitting signals across synapses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrocephalus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oligodendrocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caffeine blocks adenosine receptors, leading to increased alertness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serotonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Released in response to injury and inflammation, Substance P is involved in pain perception. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP acts as a neurotransmitter, modulating synaptic activity and influencing neuronal excitability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norepinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norepinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act solely as neurotransmitters, not neuromodulators. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antihistamines block histamine receptors in the brain, leading to drowsiness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It synthesizes proteins like neurotransmitters and enzymes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitating transport of molecules within the neuron. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retrograde transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receiving signals from dendrites and integrating them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining the overall health and function of the neuron. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By binding to receptors on the next neuron. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packaging and modifying proteins for secretion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moving molecules from the soma to the axon terminals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of the functions of the nervous system.

A network of cells that transmit signals between different parts of the body.

The basic units of the nervous system that transmit information.

The junction between two neurons where communication occurs.

An electrical signal that travels along a neuron.

Cells in the brain that support and influence neurons.

The state of a neuron at approximately -70 mV, ready to fire.

The process of making the neuron more positive after a stimulus.

Restoration of the negative charge inside the neuron.

The small gap between the axon terminal and the next neuron's dendrite.

The process of sending signals across the synaptic cleft.

Chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons by binding to receptors.

Process where neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the presynaptic neuron after signaling.

The cell body of a neuron containing the nucleus and integrating signals.

Cytoplasm of the soma excluding the nucleus; vital for neuron health.

Combination of rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes in neurons, producing proteins.

Hollow protein filaments serving as transport highways within the neuron.

Movement of materials from soma to axon terminals, powered by kinesin.

Movement of materials from axon terminals back to the soma for recycling.

A fatty substance that insulates neural axons.

Gaps in the myelin sheath that facilitate saltatory conduction.

Neurons with one axon and multiple dendrites, mainly in the CNS.

Sensory neurons with a single process that divides into two branches.

Neurons with one axon and one dendrite, mostly in sensory pathways.

Synapses where an axon connects to a dendrite of another neuron.

The additive effect of multiple signals from the same synapse occurring rapidly.

Integration of multiple neural signals over time and space.

The maintenance of ions, particularly potassium (K), for neuron excitability.

The process of reusing neurotransmitters, like glutamate, to maintain brain function.

Scars formed by glial cells in response to CNS injuries.

Unique glial cells in the CNS serving as precursors for oligodendrocytes.

The immune cells of the CNS that detect and remove harmful substances.

Fluid produced and regulated by ependymal cells that cushions the brain and spinal cord.

Specialized ependymal cells that actively secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

A condition caused by dysfunction in ependymal cells leading to excess CSF accumulation.

A group of neurotransmitters derived from amino acids, including dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and histamine.

A neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, movement, and mood regulation; linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.

A neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, appetite, and cognition; low levels are associated with depression and anxiety.

A neurotransmitter that controls alertness, attention, and the fight-or-flight response; low levels linked to depression, high levels to anxiety.

Also known as adrenaline, it is involved in the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and blood flow.

A neuropeptide involved in pain perception, released during injury and inflammation.

Neuropeptides that act as natural painkillers, reducing pain perception by binding to opioid receptors.

ATP acts as a neurotransmitter influencing synaptic activity and neuronal excitability via purinergic receptors.