Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of cells are known as glial cells?
Which type of cells are known as glial cells?
Which type of glial cells connect neurons with blood vessels?
Which type of glial cells connect neurons with blood vessels?
Which type of glial cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system?
Which type of glial cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system?
What is the function of oligodendroglia in the central nervous system?
What is the function of oligodendroglia in the central nervous system?
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Which disorder is characterized by the progressive deterioration of myelin?
Which disorder is characterized by the progressive deterioration of myelin?
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What is the function of microglia?
What is the function of microglia?
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Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting signals?
Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting signals?
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What structures are found on the dendrites?
What structures are found on the dendrites?
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Which organelle is implicated in Alzheimer's disease?
Which organelle is implicated in Alzheimer's disease?
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What is the function of dendritic spines?
What is the function of dendritic spines?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of synaptic connection?
Which of the following is NOT a type of synaptic connection?
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Which of the following is a special property of neurons?
Which of the following is a special property of neurons?
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What is the term for the loss of the distal part (axon) of a neuron?
What is the term for the loss of the distal part (axon) of a neuron?
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Where does neurobiotaxis occur?
Where does neurobiotaxis occur?
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What is the width of a synapse in Angstrom units?
What is the width of a synapse in Angstrom units?
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Which of the following is NOT a property of a neuron?
Which of the following is NOT a property of a neuron?
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What are the chemical components involved in axonal conduction?
What are the chemical components involved in axonal conduction?
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What was the research origin of axonal conduction?
What was the research origin of axonal conduction?
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What are the active channels involved in neuronal conduction?
What are the active channels involved in neuronal conduction?
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Where does synaptic transmission occur?
Where does synaptic transmission occur?
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Which of the following neurotransmitters is responsible for addiction to drugs that produce euphoria?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is responsible for addiction to drugs that produce euphoria?
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Which of the following neurotransmitters is derived from the chemical sequence: Tryptophan becomes 5Hyproxytraptophan becomes 5Hydroxytryptamine?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is derived from the chemical sequence: Tryptophan becomes 5Hyproxytraptophan becomes 5Hydroxytryptamine?
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Which of the following neurotransmitters is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
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Which of the following neurotransmitters is responsible for regulating mood, sleep, and temperature?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is responsible for regulating mood, sleep, and temperature?
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Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in pain reduction throughout the body?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in pain reduction throughout the body?
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Which of the following neurotransmitters is excitatory and released pre-synaptically in the sympathetic nervous system?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is excitatory and released pre-synaptically in the sympathetic nervous system?
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Which of the following neurotransmitters is responsible for the classic fight or flight response?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is responsible for the classic fight or flight response?
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Which of the following neurotransmitters is a vasoconstrictor used to stop hemorrhages and allergic reactions?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is a vasoconstrictor used to stop hemorrhages and allergic reactions?
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Which of the following neurotransmitters is a cardiac stimulant used to resuscitate the heart?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is a cardiac stimulant used to resuscitate the heart?
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Which of the following neurotransmitters is the active ingredient in most antidepressants known as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is the active ingredient in most antidepressants known as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)?
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Study Notes
Glial Cells
- Non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that provide support and maintenance functions are known as glial cells.
- Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that connect neurons with blood vessels.
Myelination
- Schwann cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system.
- Oligodendroglia produce myelin in the central nervous system, and their function is to form the myelin sheath around axons.
Neurodegenerative Disorders
- Multiple sclerosis is characterized by the progressive deterioration of myelin.
Microglia
- Microglia are a type of glial cell that function as the resident immune cells of the central nervous system.
Neuronal Structure and Function
- The axon is responsible for transmitting signals in a neuron.
- Dendrites have receptors and synapses that receive signals.
- Dendritic spines are small protrusions on dendrites that receive synaptic inputs.
Alzheimer's Disease
- The organelle implicated in Alzheimer's disease is the Golgi apparatus.
Synaptic Connections
- The term for the loss of the distal part (axon) of a neuron is axotomy.
- Neurobiotaxis occurs in the growth cone.
- The width of a synapse is approximately 20-30 Å.
Neuronal Properties
- Neurons have the special property of excitability, which allows them to generate action potentials.
Axonal Conduction
- The chemical components involved in axonal conduction are ions (Na+, K+, Cl-, and Ca2+).
- The research origin of axonal conduction was the Hodgkin-Huxley model.
- The active channels involved in neuronal conduction are sodium and potassium channels.
Synaptic Transmission
- Synaptic transmission occurs in the synapse, where neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic terminal and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic terminal.
Neurotransmitters
- Dopamine is responsible for addiction to drugs that produce euphoria.
- Serotonin is derived from the chemical sequence: Tryptophan becomes 5Hydroxytryptophan becomes 5Hydroxytryptamine.
- GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
- Serotonin regulates mood, sleep, and temperature.
- Endorphins are involved in pain reduction throughout the body.
- Norepinephrine is an excitatory neurotransmitter released pre-synaptically in the sympathetic nervous system.
- Norepinephrine is responsible for the classic fight or flight response.
- Norepinephrine is a vasoconstrictor used to stop hemorrhages and allergic reactions.
- Epinephrine is a cardiac stimulant used to resuscitate the heart.
- Serotonin is the active ingredient in most antidepressants known as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).
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Description
Test your knowledge of neurophysiology with this quiz! Explore the fascinating world of neurons and glial cells, and learn about their unique features such as synapses, myelin, and cellular communication. Dive into the complex structure and function of the nervous system to better understand the intricate workings of the brain.
