Neurophysiology
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Neurophysiology

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Questions and Answers

Which type of cells are known as glial cells?

  • Oligodendroglia
  • Astroglia (correct)
  • Microglia
  • Neurons

    • Which type of glial cells connect neurons with blood vessels?

  • Oligodendroglia
  • Microglia
  • Astroglia (correct)
  • Schwann cells

    • Which type of glial cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system?

  • Schwann cells (correct)
  • Oligodendroglia
  • Astroglia
  • Microglia

    • What is the function of oligodendroglia in the central nervous system?

    <p>Connect neuron to neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by the progressive deterioration of myelin?

    <p>Multiple sclerosis (MS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microglia?

    <p>Move to damaged cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting signals?

    <p>Axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are found on the dendrites?

    <p>Receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is implicated in Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Neurofibrils/microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of dendritic spines?

    <p>Increase surface area of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of synaptic connection?

    <p>Dendrodenritic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a special property of neurons?

    <p>Can be sensory, motor, or association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the loss of the distal part (axon) of a neuron?

    <p>Anterograde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does neurobiotaxis occur?

    <p>In the PNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the width of a synapse in Angstrom units?

    <p>1/10 billionth of a meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a property of a neuron?

    <p>Functions as a living battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the chemical components involved in axonal conduction?

    <p>Sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), negative anions (A-), chlorine (Cl-)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the research origin of axonal conduction?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the active channels involved in neuronal conduction?

    <p>Na+ channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does synaptic transmission occur?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters is responsible for addiction to drugs that produce euphoria?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters is derived from the chemical sequence: Tryptophan becomes 5Hyproxytraptophan becomes 5Hydroxytryptamine?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters is responsible for regulating mood, sleep, and temperature?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in pain reduction throughout the body?

    <p>Endorphins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters is excitatory and released pre-synaptically in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters is responsible for the classic fight or flight response?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters is a vasoconstrictor used to stop hemorrhages and allergic reactions?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters is a cardiac stimulant used to resuscitate the heart?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters is the active ingredient in most antidepressants known as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Glial Cells

    • Non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that provide support and maintenance functions are known as glial cells.
    • Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that connect neurons with blood vessels.

    Myelination

    • Schwann cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system.
    • Oligodendroglia produce myelin in the central nervous system, and their function is to form the myelin sheath around axons.

    Neurodegenerative Disorders

    • Multiple sclerosis is characterized by the progressive deterioration of myelin.

    Microglia

    • Microglia are a type of glial cell that function as the resident immune cells of the central nervous system.

    Neuronal Structure and Function

    • The axon is responsible for transmitting signals in a neuron.
    • Dendrites have receptors and synapses that receive signals.
    • Dendritic spines are small protrusions on dendrites that receive synaptic inputs.

    Alzheimer's Disease

    • The organelle implicated in Alzheimer's disease is the Golgi apparatus.

    Synaptic Connections

    • The term for the loss of the distal part (axon) of a neuron is axotomy.
    • Neurobiotaxis occurs in the growth cone.
    • The width of a synapse is approximately 20-30 Å.

    Neuronal Properties

    • Neurons have the special property of excitability, which allows them to generate action potentials.

    Axonal Conduction

    • The chemical components involved in axonal conduction are ions (Na+, K+, Cl-, and Ca2+).
    • The research origin of axonal conduction was the Hodgkin-Huxley model.
    • The active channels involved in neuronal conduction are sodium and potassium channels.

    Synaptic Transmission

    • Synaptic transmission occurs in the synapse, where neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic terminal and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic terminal.

    Neurotransmitters

    • Dopamine is responsible for addiction to drugs that produce euphoria.
    • Serotonin is derived from the chemical sequence: Tryptophan becomes 5Hydroxytryptophan becomes 5Hydroxytryptamine.
    • GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
    • Serotonin regulates mood, sleep, and temperature.
    • Endorphins are involved in pain reduction throughout the body.
    • Norepinephrine is an excitatory neurotransmitter released pre-synaptically in the sympathetic nervous system.
    • Norepinephrine is responsible for the classic fight or flight response.
    • Norepinephrine is a vasoconstrictor used to stop hemorrhages and allergic reactions.
    • Epinephrine is a cardiac stimulant used to resuscitate the heart.
    • Serotonin is the active ingredient in most antidepressants known as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

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    PSY 390 Neurophysiology-3.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of neurophysiology with this quiz! Explore the fascinating world of neurons and glial cells, and learn about their unique features such as synapses, myelin, and cellular communication. Dive into the complex structure and function of the nervous system to better understand the intricate workings of the brain.

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