Neurophysiology: Hearing Structure and Function

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Which type of movement will excite the hair cells on one side and inhibit the hair cells on the other side of the utricular macula?

Vibrational movements

Translational movements (correct)

Rotational movements

Torsional movements

What happens when there is a tilt along the axis of the striola in the head?

Hair cells on one side are excited, and hair cells on the other side are inhibited (correct)

All hair cells are equally excited

Hair cells on both sides are inhibited

The kinocilia orientation changes

Following damage to the vestibular hair cells, what is a likely outcome?

Improved balance

Impaired vestibular function (correct)

Enhanced vestibular function

No effect on vestibular function

Which nerve is responsible for transferring generated potentials from the first neuron to the vestibular nuclei?

Vestibulocochlear nerve Signup and view all the answers

Where do impulses go after being transmitted to the vestibular areas of the cerebrum?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the utricular macula in the inner ear?

Detects linear acceleration and head tilts Signup and view all the answers

What does the saccular macula in the inner ear primarily contribute to?

Maintaining balance and detecting motion Signup and view all the answers

How are kinocilia oriented on the hair cells of the macula?

In a single direction Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the utricular and saccular maculae to the brain?

Vestibulocochlear nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the maculae within the inner ear?

Detecting linear and angular acceleration, as well as head position changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the saccular macula?

Responding to head position changes Signup and view all the answers

How does the kinocilium orientation affect the activation of hair cells?

It triggers the opening of nonselective cation channels Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the function of the utricular macula?

Providing information about head position changes Signup and view all the answers

How does the activation of the vestibulocochlear nerve occur?

By depolarization of auditory neurons Signup and view all the answers

What role does Ca2+ play in the activation of hair cells in the vestibular system?

Triggering exocytosis of neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the organ of Corti in the cochlea?

Detecting high-frequency vibrations Signup and view all the answers

How do short fibers near the cochlea's base differ from long fibers at the end in terms of response to vibrations?

Short fibers respond to low-frequency vibrations. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hair cells in the organ of Corti are mostly innervated by afferent nerves?

Inner hair cells Signup and view all the answers

What determines how loud a sound is registered by the human ear?

The amplitude of the sound wave Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the inner ear is primarily responsible for balance and spatial orientation?

Utricular macula Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the utricular macula?

Detect changes in head position from an upright position Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the saccular macula's function?

Detect changes in head position from a recumbent position Signup and view all the answers

In the utricular macula, how are the kinocilia oriented?

Toward the striola Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for transmitting information from the maculae to the brain?

Vestibulocochlear nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of maculae in the inner ear?

Detect head movements and orientation changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the macula sacculi in the vestibular system?

Measure vertical translational motions Signup and view all the answers

In which direction do kinocilia point in the saccular macula?

Away from the striola Signup and view all the answers

How is the signal generated in the hair cells of the utricular macula?

Movement of otolithic membrane due to gravity Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve transmits the signal from the hair cells to the brain in the vestibular system?

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) Signup and view all the answers

How do the hair cells align with respect to the kinocilium in both utricular and saccular maculae?

Parallel to kinocilium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the otolithic organs?

Detect linear acceleration and changes in head position Signup and view all the answers

Where are the hair cells topped with hair bundles embedded in a gelatinous layer located?

In the macula Signup and view all the answers

Which structure contains small calcium carbonate crystals known as otoconia?

Otolithic membrane Signup and view all the answers

What type of motions does the utricle primarily detect?

Horizontal motions Signup and view all the answers

Where is the striola located within the sacculus and utricle?

Dividing the hair cells into two populations with opposing hair bundle polarities Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation of the utricle within the inner ear?

Horizontal Signup and view all the answers

Which area in the saccule is specialized and contains hair cells and supporting cells?

Macula Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the membrane above the gelatinous layer in the macula that contains otoconia?

Otolithic membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of kinocilia within the otolithic organs?

To anchor hair bundles in the gelatinous layer Signup and view all the answers

Neurophysiology: Hearing Structure and Function

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Questions and Answers

Which type of movement will excite the hair cells on one side and inhibit the hair cells on the other side of the utricular macula?

What happens when there is a tilt along the axis of the striola in the head?

Following damage to the vestibular hair cells, what is a likely outcome?

Which nerve is responsible for transferring generated potentials from the first neuron to the vestibular nuclei?

Where do impulses go after being transmitted to the vestibular areas of the cerebrum?

What is the function of the utricular macula in the inner ear?

What does the saccular macula in the inner ear primarily contribute to?

How are kinocilia oriented on the hair cells of the macula?

Which nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the utricular and saccular maculae to the brain?

What is the main function of the maculae within the inner ear?

What is the function of the saccular macula?

How does the kinocilium orientation affect the activation of hair cells?

Which statement best describes the function of the utricular macula?

How does the activation of the vestibulocochlear nerve occur?

What role does Ca2+ play in the activation of hair cells in the vestibular system?

What is the function of the organ of Corti in the cochlea?

How do short fibers near the cochlea's base differ from long fibers at the end in terms of response to vibrations?

Which type of hair cells in the organ of Corti are mostly innervated by afferent nerves?

What determines how loud a sound is registered by the human ear?

Which part of the inner ear is primarily responsible for balance and spatial orientation?

What is the function of the utricular macula?

Which of the following best describes the saccular macula's function?

In the utricular macula, how are the kinocilia oriented?

Which nerve is responsible for transmitting information from the maculae to the brain?

What is a key function of maculae in the inner ear?

What is the function of the macula sacculi in the vestibular system?

In which direction do kinocilia point in the saccular macula?

How is the signal generated in the hair cells of the utricular macula?

Which nerve transmits the signal from the hair cells to the brain in the vestibular system?

How do the hair cells align with respect to the kinocilium in both utricular and saccular maculae?

What is the function of the otolithic organs?

Where are the hair cells topped with hair bundles embedded in a gelatinous layer located?

Which structure contains small calcium carbonate crystals known as otoconia?

What type of motions does the utricle primarily detect?

Where is the striola located within the sacculus and utricle?

What is the orientation of the utricle within the inner ear?

Which area in the saccule is specialized and contains hair cells and supporting cells?

What is the name of the membrane above the gelatinous layer in the macula that contains otoconia?

What is the function of kinocilia within the otolithic organs?

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