39 Questions
Which type of movement will excite the hair cells on one side and inhibit the hair cells on the other side of the utricular macula?
Translational movements
What happens when there is a tilt along the axis of the striola in the head?
Hair cells on one side are excited, and hair cells on the other side are inhibited
Following damage to the vestibular hair cells, what is a likely outcome?
Impaired vestibular function
Which nerve is responsible for transferring generated potentials from the first neuron to the vestibular nuclei?
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Where do impulses go after being transmitted to the vestibular areas of the cerebrum?
Thalamus
What is the function of the utricular macula in the inner ear?
Detects linear acceleration and head tilts
What does the saccular macula in the inner ear primarily contribute to?
Maintaining balance and detecting motion
How are kinocilia oriented on the hair cells of the macula?
In a single direction
Which nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the utricular and saccular maculae to the brain?
Vestibulocochlear nerve
What is the main function of the maculae within the inner ear?
Detecting linear and angular acceleration, as well as head position changes
What is the function of the saccular macula?
Responding to head position changes
How does the kinocilium orientation affect the activation of hair cells?
It triggers the opening of nonselective cation channels
Which statement best describes the function of the utricular macula?
Providing information about head position changes
How does the activation of the vestibulocochlear nerve occur?
By depolarization of auditory neurons
What role does Ca2+ play in the activation of hair cells in the vestibular system?
Triggering exocytosis of neurotransmitters
What is the function of the organ of Corti in the cochlea?
Detecting high-frequency vibrations
How do short fibers near the cochlea's base differ from long fibers at the end in terms of response to vibrations?
Short fibers respond to low-frequency vibrations.
Which type of hair cells in the organ of Corti are mostly innervated by afferent nerves?
Inner hair cells
What determines how loud a sound is registered by the human ear?
The amplitude of the sound wave
Which part of the inner ear is primarily responsible for balance and spatial orientation?
Utricular macula
What is the function of the utricular macula?
Detect changes in head position from an upright position
Which of the following best describes the saccular macula's function?
Detect changes in head position from a recumbent position
In the utricular macula, how are the kinocilia oriented?
Toward the striola
Which nerve is responsible for transmitting information from the maculae to the brain?
Vestibulocochlear nerve
What is a key function of maculae in the inner ear?
Detect head movements and orientation changes
What is the function of the macula sacculi in the vestibular system?
Measure vertical translational motions
In which direction do kinocilia point in the saccular macula?
Away from the striola
How is the signal generated in the hair cells of the utricular macula?
Movement of otolithic membrane due to gravity
Which nerve transmits the signal from the hair cells to the brain in the vestibular system?
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
How do the hair cells align with respect to the kinocilium in both utricular and saccular maculae?
Parallel to kinocilium
What is the function of the otolithic organs?
Detect linear acceleration and changes in head position
Where are the hair cells topped with hair bundles embedded in a gelatinous layer located?
In the macula
Which structure contains small calcium carbonate crystals known as otoconia?
Otolithic membrane
What type of motions does the utricle primarily detect?
Horizontal motions
Where is the striola located within the sacculus and utricle?
Dividing the hair cells into two populations with opposing hair bundle polarities
What is the orientation of the utricle within the inner ear?
Horizontal
Which area in the saccule is specialized and contains hair cells and supporting cells?
Macula
What is the name of the membrane above the gelatinous layer in the macula that contains otoconia?
Otolithic membrane
What is the function of kinocilia within the otolithic organs?
To anchor hair bundles in the gelatinous layer
Test your knowledge on the structure and function of hearing, specifically focusing on how hair cells of the cochlea respond to deformation and the mechanism of hair cell activation. This quiz covers topics such as the contact of stereocilia with the tectorial membrane and the movement of the basilar membrane in the organ of Corti.
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