Neurophysiology: Hearing Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

Which type of movement will excite the hair cells on one side and inhibit the hair cells on the other side of the utricular macula?

  • Vibrational movements
  • Translational movements (correct)
  • Rotational movements
  • Torsional movements

    • What happens when there is a tilt along the axis of the striola in the head?

  • Hair cells on one side are excited, and hair cells on the other side are inhibited (correct)
  • All hair cells are equally excited
  • Hair cells on both sides are inhibited
  • The kinocilia orientation changes

    • Following damage to the vestibular hair cells, what is a likely outcome?

  • Improved balance
  • Impaired vestibular function (correct)
  • Enhanced vestibular function
  • No effect on vestibular function

    • Which nerve is responsible for transferring generated potentials from the first neuron to the vestibular nuclei?

    <p>Vestibulocochlear nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do impulses go after being transmitted to the vestibular areas of the cerebrum?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the utricular macula in the inner ear?

    <p>Detects linear acceleration and head tilts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the saccular macula in the inner ear primarily contribute to?

    <p>Maintaining balance and detecting motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are kinocilia oriented on the hair cells of the macula?

    <p>In a single direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the utricular and saccular maculae to the brain?

    <p>Vestibulocochlear nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the maculae within the inner ear?

    <p>Detecting linear and angular acceleration, as well as head position changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the saccular macula?

    <p>Responding to head position changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the kinocilium orientation affect the activation of hair cells?

    <p>It triggers the opening of nonselective cation channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the function of the utricular macula?

    <p>Providing information about head position changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the activation of the vestibulocochlear nerve occur?

    <p>By depolarization of auditory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Ca2+ play in the activation of hair cells in the vestibular system?

    <p>Triggering exocytosis of neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the organ of Corti in the cochlea?

    <p>Detecting high-frequency vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do short fibers near the cochlea's base differ from long fibers at the end in terms of response to vibrations?

    <p>Short fibers respond to low-frequency vibrations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hair cells in the organ of Corti are mostly innervated by afferent nerves?

    <p>Inner hair cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines how loud a sound is registered by the human ear?

    <p>The amplitude of the sound wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the inner ear is primarily responsible for balance and spatial orientation?

    <p>Utricular macula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the utricular macula?

    <p>Detect changes in head position from an upright position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the saccular macula's function?

    <p>Detect changes in head position from a recumbent position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the utricular macula, how are the kinocilia oriented?

    <p>Toward the striola</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for transmitting information from the maculae to the brain?

    <p>Vestibulocochlear nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of maculae in the inner ear?

    <p>Detect head movements and orientation changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the macula sacculi in the vestibular system?

    <p>Measure vertical translational motions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction do kinocilia point in the saccular macula?

    <p>Away from the striola</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the signal generated in the hair cells of the utricular macula?

    <p>Movement of otolithic membrane due to gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve transmits the signal from the hair cells to the brain in the vestibular system?

    <p>Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the hair cells align with respect to the kinocilium in both utricular and saccular maculae?

    <p>Parallel to kinocilium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the otolithic organs?

    <p>Detect linear acceleration and changes in head position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the hair cells topped with hair bundles embedded in a gelatinous layer located?

    <p>In the macula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure contains small calcium carbonate crystals known as otoconia?

    <p>Otolithic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motions does the utricle primarily detect?

    <p>Horizontal motions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the striola located within the sacculus and utricle?

    <p>Dividing the hair cells into two populations with opposing hair bundle polarities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the orientation of the utricle within the inner ear?

    <p>Horizontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area in the saccule is specialized and contains hair cells and supporting cells?

    <p>Macula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the membrane above the gelatinous layer in the macula that contains otoconia?

    <p>Otolithic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of kinocilia within the otolithic organs?

    <p>To anchor hair bundles in the gelatinous layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

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