Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology Quiz

<p>2-5 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle stiffness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A period of confusion and fatigue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can spread and become generalized seizures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-ictal state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent neurologic damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lorazepam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous seizure activity for over 5 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemodynamic instability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenobarbital (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct leakage of pro-inflammatory cytokines onto neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ischemic Stroke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vascular malformation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lyme Disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glioblastoma multiforme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium ions flow into the neuron. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-70 mV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potassium ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voltage-gated calcium channels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for neurotransmitter binding to occur. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To biochemically inactivate neurotransmitters. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium ions entering the neuron. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influx of sodium and efflux of potassium. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cryptococcus Neoformans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormal neuronal remodeling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced neuronal damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herpes Simplex Virus infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glutamate levels increase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Borrelia Burgdorferi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Downregulation of available GABAA receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart palpitations and tremors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lorazepam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delirium Tremens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-acting benzodiazepines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blockade of AMPA receptors and GABA potentiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethosuximide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valproic Acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CNS hyper-reactivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SV2A blockade (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A medical emergency with continuous seizure activity for over 5 minutes or recurrent seizures without recovery of consciousness.

A condition that requires immediate medical intervention to prevent serious consequences.

A class of medications used to treat anxiety and seizures; examples include Lorazepam and Midazolam.

Medications like Phenytoin and Valproic Acid used to prevent seizures over extended periods.

A barbiturate used to control seizures, particularly in status epilepticus.

A type of stroke caused by blood clots, leading to reduced blood flow in the brain.

A type of stroke resulting from bleeding in or around the brain.

Hemorrhagic strokes have a higher seizure risk compared to ischemic strokes due to inflammatory responses.

The underlying causes of seizures that include vascular, infectious, traumatic, autoimmune, and more.

An imbalance causing increased neuronal excitability, often triggered by vascular causes.

The ability of neurons to generate action potentials through ion movement.

A change in membrane potential leading to nerve signal transmission.

The voltage of a neuron at rest, typically around -70 mV.

A decrease in membrane potential making the inside of the cell more positive.

The process of restoring the membrane potential after depolarization.

Channels that open in response to membrane depolarization, allowing calcium influx.

The process when neurotransmitters attach to receptors on a post-synaptic neuron.

The process of neurotransmitter release and action across synapses.

An infection causing inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

A bacteria often associated with pneumonia and meningitis, particularly in COPD patients.

A bacterial cause of meningitis, commonly affecting young adults in close quarters.

The most common cause of meningitis in HIV/AIDS patients, caused by a fungus.

Inflammation of the brain, often infectious, leading to neurological symptoms.

A group of viruses, including HSV-1 and HSV-2, known to cause bitemporal encephalitis.

Seizures that occur as a result of brain injury, can be acute or chronic.

An autoimmune disease often associated with increased seizure risk due to neuronal damage.

Seizures affecting motor functions and may cause clonic jerking.

Seizures causing sensory deficits like numbness or burning sensations.

Seizures that usually involve both hemispheres without a specific brain focus.

The state of confusion and fatigue following a seizure.

Seizures that start with muscle stiffening followed by jerking movements.

Uncontrollable muscle movements occurring in certain seizures.

Connections that communicate between the thalamus and brain regions.

A state where the patient is not aware of surroundings, often during seizures.

Receptors that mediate inhibitory neurotransmission in the CNS.

Symptoms occurring after sudden cessation of alcohol, leading to CNS hyper-reactivity.

Severe and life-threatening withdrawal symptoms including seizures and hallucinations.

Medication used for acute agitation in alcohol withdrawal.

Increased effectiveness of GABA at its receptors.

Blocks protein that packages neurotransmitters, balancing GABA and glutamate.

Anti-seizure drug with multiple mechanisms including sodium and calcium channel blockade.

Medication that increases GABA effect and blocks sodium channels for seizure management.

First-line treatment for absence seizures, blocking calcium channels in the thalamus.

Reduces neurotransmitter release, dampening excitability.