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Questions and Answers
What component of a neuron is primarily responsible for receiving signals from other cells?
Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus and organelles such as lysosomes and mitochondria?
What is the function of Nissi bodies found in the neuronal cell body?
Which of the following is NOT true about dendrites?
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What distinguishes the longest neurons in the body?
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What accumulates in ageing neurons and what is its nature?
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What are neurofibrils composed of, and what is their role in neurons?
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At what speed can nerve impulses travel in neurons?
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Study Notes
Neuron Structure and Function
- Neurons are responsible for transmitting information within the nervous system.
- Neurons vary in size, with some being extremely small and others being the longest cells in the body.
- Neuron length determines the distance a signal can travel, allowing for quick communication within the body.
- Nerve impulses travel at speeds ranging from 0.5 to 130 meters per second.
Components of a Neuron
- Most neurons have three parts: the cell body, dendrites, and an axon.
- The cell body, also called the soma, contains the nucleus and cellular organelles.
- Dendrites are branched extensions of the cell body that receive signals from other neurons.
- The axon is a long, slender projection that transmits signals away from the cell body.
- Axons can be extremely long, enabling communication between distant parts of the body.
- The cytoskeleton, a network of fibers within the neuron, helps maintain its shape and transport materials.
Cell Body Functions
- The cell body contains the nucleus and cellular machinery for protein synthesis, necessary for growth and repair.
- The cell body also houses Nissl bodies, clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum responsible for protein production.
- These proteins are used for replacing cellular components, growing neurons, and regenerating damaged axons (in the PNS).
Ageing Neurons
- Ageing neurons accumulate lipofuscin, a pigment that accumulates in the cytoplasm.
- Lipofuscin is a byproduct of lysosomes and does not appear to be harmful to the neuron.
Nerve Fiber
- Any neuronal process extending from the cell body is referred to as a nerve fiber.
- Most neurons have two types of nerve fibers: dendrites and a single axon.
- Dendrites are typically branched and receive signals from other neurons.
- Axons are long and transmit signals away from the cell body.
- Dendrites and the cell body contain receptors that bind chemical messengers, facilitating communication between neurons.
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Description
Explore the intricate structure and functions of neurons in the nervous system. This quiz covers the major components of neurons, including the cell body, dendrites, and axon, and explains how they transmit information. Test your understanding of how neuron length affects signal transmission and communication within the body.
