Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which part of the neuron is responsible for housing the nucleus and organelles?
Which part of the neuron is responsible for housing the nucleus and organelles?
- Synapse
- Axon
- Dendrites
- Cell Body (correct)
What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?
What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?
- Receiving signals from other neurons (correct)
- Protecting the neuron from damage
- Transmitting signals away from the cell body
- Generating action potentials
What distinguishes an axon from other parts of a neuron?
What distinguishes an axon from other parts of a neuron?
- It conducts impulses away from the neuron (correct)
- It supports the cell's structure
- It receives incoming signals
- It contains the cell nucleus
Which of the following correctly identifies the three basic parts of a neuron?
Which of the following correctly identifies the three basic parts of a neuron?
In terms of structure, what role does the cell body of a neuron play?
In terms of structure, what role does the cell body of a neuron play?
What is the primary function of the axon hillock?
What is the primary function of the axon hillock?
Where is the axon hillock located in relation to the neuron?
Where is the axon hillock located in relation to the neuron?
What initiates the triggering of action potentials at the axon hillock?
What initiates the triggering of action potentials at the axon hillock?
Which statement accurately describes the axon hillock's role in neuronal communication?
Which statement accurately describes the axon hillock's role in neuronal communication?
What is the significance of the action potential generated at the axon hillock?
What is the significance of the action potential generated at the axon hillock?
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Study Notes
Neuron Structure
- Neurons are composed of three main parts: the cell body, dendrites, and axon.
- The cell body houses the nucleus and other organelles.
- Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and convey them to the cell body.
- The axon conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.
Axon Hillock
- The axon hillock is the junction between the cell body and the axon.
- It is the site where action potentials are generated.
- Action potentials are then propagated along the axon towards the axon terminals.
Axon Terminals
- Axon terminals are the branched endings of the axon.
- They release chemical messengers called neurotransmitters.
- These neurotransmitters communicate with other cells, making axon terminals the output zone.
Neuron Input, Conducting, and Output Zones
- Dendrites and the cell body are considered the input or receptive zone.
- The axon is the conducting zone.
- Axon terminals are the output zone.
Factors Affecting Nerve Conduction
- Conduction velocity in nerve fibers is influenced by two primary factors: myelination and fiber diameter.
- Myelinated fibers have a sheath of myelin surrounding the axon, which insulates the nerve and speeds up conduction.
- Current flows at the nodes of Ranvier, gaps in the myelin sheath.
- This jumpy conduction is called saltatory conduction, with the impulse leaping from node to node.
- Larger diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses faster than smaller diameter fibers.
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