Neurological Conditions Overview

Hypertension is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage.

A condition causing sudden muscle paralysis, often recurring.

Severe cerebral arterial occlusion is a cause of cerebral syncope; other include: aortic arch syndrome and hypertension encephalopathy.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common type of MND.

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is often the first-line treatment for absence seizures in children.

Vascular parkinsonism is a neurodegenerative condition that can cause Parkinson's-like symptoms.

Migraines are characterized by recurrent headaches, usually unilateral, throbbing; often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and visual symptoms.

Broca's aphasia is associated with damage to the middle cerebral artery.

Initial treatment for Parkinson's disease is typically a dopamine agonist, though levodopa is also commonly used.

Migraine without aura is a more prevalent type of migraine than those with aura or other basal/chronic forms.

Men and women are affected by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) at roughly equal rates.

Medications are generally not used as a primary treatment for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV).

The Trigeminal nerve is not a pure motor cranial nerve; it has both motor and sensory functions.

Loss of vision is not typically a symptom of spinal cord compression.

A lesion in the left oculomotor nerve is implicated by left eye ptosis and dilated pupil, with impaired inward/upward eye movement that is limited downwards.

Age is a significant risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease.

At least two unprovoked seizures occurring more than 24 hours apart, or one unprovoked seizure with a high probability of future seizures, or a diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome.

Nystagmus, involuntary eye movements, is not a typical symptom of cerebellar ataxia.

Loss of taste sensation on the posterior one-third of the tongue is a characteristic feature of glossopharyngeal nerve lesions.

Hearing disorders encompass deafness, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and hyperacusis (increased sensitivity to sound).

Lesions of the facial nerve can manifest as an inability to frown, close the eye, or form a nasolabial fold, and drooping of the mouth corner.

Idiopathic epilepsy is not a systemic disease related to seizures, unlike hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, or hypocalcemia.

Memory loss is the first noticeable symptom of Alzheimer's disease.

Myasthenia gravis affects the neuromuscular junction, the connection between nerve and muscle.

Hemiplegia and hemianesthesia (one-sided weakness/numbness) are not typical symptoms of syringomyelia, unlike dissociated sensory loss, weakness, painless ulcers, and neurogenic arthropathies.

Internal capsule injury often leads to contralateral hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, and hemianopia (loss of vision).

Upper thoracic spinal cord segments are most frequently affected by anterior spinal artery infarction.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the preferred surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease.

Carriogenic embolism is the most frequent origin of cerebral emboli.

Computed Tomography (CT) scan is the initial imaging test for patients with severe headaches.

Twitching of all facial muscles on one side of the face is a key symptom of acute facial neuritis.

Headache caused by a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid pressure, often after a neck injury.

Respiratory muscles are generally not affected by polymyositis, unlike other proximal limbs muscles

Aphasia (language impairment) is not a characteristic symptom of Wallenberg syndrome.

Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) is a common cause of cerebral thrombosis.

The time point T1, in the definition of Status Epilepticus (SE), is 10 minutes after seizure onset.

If cold receptors fail to transmit cold stimuli into sensory signals, this issue lies in the transduction process in which the stimulus is converted into a signal.

Characteristic symptoms of a sudden spinal cord inflammation, often involving cross-sectional sensory loss and motor weakness.

Signals from most senses (except vision) travel to the thalamus before reaching the cerebral cortex in the brain for interpretation.

Facial paralysis, characterized by drooping mouth, inability to close eye, and other facial manifestations on the affected side. Often involves pain in ear or forehead.

Elevated protein levels, but normal cell counts, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Neostigmine is a crucial drug used to treat muscle weakness symptoms in myasthenia gravis.

Horner's syndrome is associated with damage to the C5-C8 spinal cord segments.

Neuroimaging (e.g., MRI) is recommended in cases of suspected seizures, varying ages and types, including generalized and focal seizures, especially when AEDs are ineffective or if localized brain damage is suspected.

Central nervous system (CNS) infections are categorized by their time course: acute, subacute, and chronic.