Neuroendocrine Functions of Ventromedial Nucleus (VMN)

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Questions and Answers

Which brain structure plays a role in sexual behavior and processes sensory information related to sexual stimuli?

  • Central Nucleus (CN)
  • Dorsolateral Nucleus (DLN)
  • Lateral Nucleus (LN)
  • Ventromedial Nucleus (VMN) (correct)

What is the role of the Ventromedial Nucleus (VMN) in the neural circuit related to lordosis?

  • Executing lordosis (correct)
  • Initiating sleep cycles
  • Processing sensory information
  • Controlling sexual arousal

How does the Maternal Immune Hypothesis affect subsequent male fetuses?

  • Reduces physical growth
  • Decreases likelihood of sleep disorders
  • Increases likelihood of nonheterosexual orientation (correct)
  • Enhances cognitive development

What phenomenon describes the correlation between a man's number of older brothers and the likelihood of him being gay?

<p>Sex Fraternal Birth Order Effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is the Ventromedial Nucleus (VMN) particularly sensitive to?

<p>Estrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an Electroencephalogram (EEG) record?

<p>Brain electrical activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of sleep do hypnagogic jerks commonly occur?

<p>Transition period between wakefulness and sleep (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes REM Sleep?

<p>Eyes move rapidly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common name for the sudden muscle contractions that occur at sleep onset?

<p>Myoclonic Jerks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of sleep is characterized by the brain becoming more active and the body being relaxed and immobilized?

<p>REM Sleep (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of brain waves are associated with high-level cognitive functions and conscious perception?

<p>Gamma Waves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the deepest stage of sleep characterized by slow delta waves in the EEG?

<p>Slow-Wave Sleep (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of seizure involves a single brain area, with the temporal lobe being the most common occurrence site?

<p>Partial Seizure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for focal seizures with awareness?

<p>Simple Partial Seizures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of seizure involves abnormal electrical activity in both halves of the brain simultaneously?

<p>Grand Mal Seizures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Grand Mal Seizures?

<p>Causes violent muscle contractions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Idiopathic Epilepsy diagnosed?

<p>Electroencephalogram (EEG) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of seizure starts in one area of the brain and then spreads to another area?

<p>Partial Seizures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a milder form of depression that lasts for at least two years?

<p>Dysthymia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of depression can occur during pregnancy or after childbirth?

<p>Peripartum Depression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Bipolar Disorder?

<p>Extreme shifts in mood from mania to depression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of depression is known as Situational Depression?

<p>Reactive Depression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a group of medications that work through different mechanisms of action compared to established antidepressant classes?

<p>Endogenous Depression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does Seasonal Affective Disorder typically occur?

<p>During winter months when there is less sunlight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Benzodiazepines and Non-Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists (Z-Drugs) in promoting sleep?

<p>Enhance inhibitory activity in the CNS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Melatonin Agonists primarily promote sleep?

<p>By regulating the sleep-wake cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Non-Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists (Z-Drugs) from Benzodiazepines in terms of sleep promotion?

<p>Shorter half-life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class is used to counteract excessive sleepiness or sedation caused by hypnotic drugs?

<p>Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAS) in terms of neurotransmitter activity?

<p>Block reuptake of excitatory neurotransmitters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class is primarily prescribed for ADHD and Narcolepsy due to its effects on enhancing arousal and alertness?

<p>Cocaine-Derived Stimulants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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