Neuroendocrine System Functions Quiz

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Which neurotransmitter is the primary one for postganglionic sympathetic adrenergic nerves?

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine (correct)

Dopamine

Acetylcholine

What is the term used for a neuron when its transmission is mediated by acetylcholine?

Adrenergic

Dopaminergic

Norepinephrinergic

Cholinergic (correct)

Which receptor type is part of the parasympathetic system and is innervated by acetylcholine?

Nicotinic receptor

Dopaminergic receptor

Muscarinic receptor (correct)

Adrenergic receptor

What is the neurotransmitter for nicotinic receptors?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary therapeutic use of epinephrine?

Bronchial Asthma & Heart block or cardiac arrest Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor type predominates in the therapeutic use of epinephrine for anaphylactic shock?

Beta receptor Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary therapeutic use of norepinephrine?

Acute hypotension in a hemodynamically unstable patient Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor type predominantly affects vasoconstriction in the cardiovascular system?

Alpha-1 receptor Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of dopamine on D1 receptors?

Vasodilation of renal and splanchnic beds Signup and view all the answers

Which category of adrenergic drugs acts on receptors stimulated by epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Direct Acting Adrenergic Agonists Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of isoproterenol on the pulmonary system?

Bronchodilation Signup and view all the answers

Which agent causes release of norepinephrine from presynaptic terminals and increases NE release?

Amphetamines Signup and view all the answers

Which system controls the brain's internal regulation and is essential for survival?

Endocrine system Signup and view all the answers

Where do specialized endocrine cells secrete hormones?

Into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules rapidly diffuse across the synaptic cleft between neurons?

Neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

What do histamines and prostaglandins serve as examples of?

Local mediators Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the nervous system carries signals away from the brain and spinal cord to peripheral tissue?

Efferent division Signup and view all the answers

What do somatic efferent neurons control voluntarily?

Contraction of skeletal muscles Signup and view all the answers

Where does the spinal cord finish, according to the text?

At L1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a preganglionic neuron in the autonomic nervous system?

To carry signals away from the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of adrenergic agonists?

Enhancement of sympathetic activity by blocking the Na/K pump required for reuptake of norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the effect of alpha 2 receptor activation?

Mediated by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a fall in the levels of intracellular cAMP Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of catecholamines as adrenergic agonists?

High potency and rapid inactivation by catechol-Omethyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) Signup and view all the answers

How do noncatecholamines differ from catecholamines as adrenergic agonists?

They lack the catechol hydroxyl groups and have longer half-lives Signup and view all the answers

Which structural feature contributes to the high potency of catechol derivatives in directly activating alpha or beta receptors?

The number and location of OH substitutions on the benzene ring Signup and view all the answers

Which adrenergic drug has an alternative use for shock treatment and may be used to treat acute hypotension?

Metaraminol Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the inactivation of noncatecholamines?

It is an important route of detoxification, leading to prolonged duration of action Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with adrenergic agonists?

Arrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

Which step results from the activation of alpha 1 receptor through G protein activation of phospholipase C?

Generation of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP₃) from phosphatidylinositol Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ephedrine as an adrenergic agonist?

Induction of norepinephrine release from presynaptic terminals and activation of adrenergic receptors in post synaptic membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of desensitization in adrenergic receptors?

Fall in levels of intracellular cAMP due to inhibition by alpha 2 receptor activation Signup and view all the answers