Neuroendocrine System and Anorexia Nervosa
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus within the neuroendocrine system?

  • To influence the pituitary gland through releasing hormones. (correct)
  • To produce all pituitary hormones directly.
  • To regulate digestive processes.
  • To control voluntary muscle movements.

What clinical problem is highlighted in the case study regarding the 16-year-old girl?

  • Anorexia nervosa. (correct)
  • Binge eating disorder.
  • Diabetes mellitus.
  • Hyperthyroidism.

Which symptom is NOT associated with the 16-year-old girl's diagnosis?

  • Impatience and irritability.
  • Increased appetite. (correct)
  • Cessation of menstruation.
  • Rapid weight loss.

What is the size and location of the hypothalamus within the brain?

<p>Tiny structure at the center of the brain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary treatment goal for the 16-year-old girl diagnosed with anorexia nervosa?

<p>To restore the patient's weight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oxytocin in the body?

<p>Causes uterine muscle contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the hypothalamus is mainly responsible for producing vasopressin?

<p>Supraoptic nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does vasopressin have on the kidneys?

<p>Increases reabsorption of water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is stimulated by Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?

<p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hypophyseal portal system hormones reach the anterior pituitary?

<p>Through exocytosis onto fenestrated capillaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)?

<p>Reduces lactogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone does Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulate the production of?

<p>Growth hormone (GH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine?

<p>Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily associated with stimulating the secretion of estrogen and progesterone?

<p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the roles of the hypothalamus in relation to autonomic control?

<p>Integrating autonomic and neuroendocrine systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following responses is associated with stimulation of the anterior hypothalamic area?

<p>Increased gastrointestinal motility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is NOT produced in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormones are synthesized in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei?

<p>Vasopressin and Oxytocin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for uterine contraction and milk ejection?

<p>Oxytocin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vasopressin?

<p>Vasoconstriction and water reabsorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bodily function is NOT regulated by the hypothalamus?

<p>Muscle contractions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily involved in the relay of information to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus?

<p>Nuclei of mammillary body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can arise from the loss of posterior pituitary connection after pituitary surgery?

<p>Diabetes Insipidus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of stimulating the posterior and lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus?

<p>Inhibition of gastrointestinal peristalsis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone acts through the endocrine organs to exert its influence on tissues?

<p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pathways connects hypothalamic nuclei to the limbic system?

<p>Multiple pathways (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels connect the sinusoids in the median eminence with the anterior lobe of the hypophysis?

<p>Long and short portal blood vessels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hormones like vasopressin reach the bloodstream?

<p>Via fenestrated capillaries in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is synthesized by the supraoptic nucleus?

<p>Vasopressin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does vasopressin have on the kidneys?

<p>Enhances the absorption of water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothalamic nucleus serves as the hunger center?

<p>Lateral hypothalamic nuclei (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in response to heat as regulated by the anterior portion of the hypothalamus?

<p>Dilation of skin blood vessels and sweating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bilateral destruction of which nuclei results in an uncontrolled voracious appetite?

<p>Medial hypothalamic nuclei (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

<p>Controls circadian rhythms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the hypothalamus is primarily responsible for the inhibition of eating?

<p>Medial hypothalamic nuclei (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the body's normal temperature range?

<p>Body temperature measured rectally is approximately 1°F higher than orally. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothalamic nuclei are involved in initiating water intake?

<p>Lateral hypothalamic nuclei (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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