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Questions and Answers
What is the name of the human disorder caused by mutations in POMT1, POMGnT1, and Fukutin?
What is the name of the human disorder caused by mutations in POMT1, POMGnT1, and Fukutin?
Which gene is mutated in Reeler mice, leading to abnormal cortical layering?
Which gene is mutated in Reeler mice, leading to abnormal cortical layering?
In the developing cerebellum, granule neuron precursors migrate in which direction?
In the developing cerebellum, granule neuron precursors migrate in which direction?
Which of the following cell types plays a role in granule cell migration towards the internal granule cell layer?
Which of the following cell types plays a role in granule cell migration towards the internal granule cell layer?
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How does cerebellar development in mice compare to that in humans?
How does cerebellar development in mice compare to that in humans?
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Which gene is specifically associated with periventricular heterotopia?
Which gene is specifically associated with periventricular heterotopia?
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What abnormality is observed in the condition characterized by lissencephaly?
What abnormality is observed in the condition characterized by lissencephaly?
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What type of cells are specifically referenced in the development context for SST+ cells?
What type of cells are specifically referenced in the development context for SST+ cells?
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What is the primary role of filamin A (FLNA) in relation to cortical development?
What is the primary role of filamin A (FLNA) in relation to cortical development?
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Which of the following structures is affected during the migration of cortical interneurons?
Which of the following structures is affected during the migration of cortical interneurons?
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What is the primary mode of migration for excitatory pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex during development?
What is the primary mode of migration for excitatory pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex during development?
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Which neuronal precursor cells undergo radial migration in the cerebellum?
Which neuronal precursor cells undergo radial migration in the cerebellum?
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During what phase of development does somal translocation occur for neuronal precursor cells?
During what phase of development does somal translocation occur for neuronal precursor cells?
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What is the role of tangential migration in the cerebral cortex?
What is the role of tangential migration in the cerebral cortex?
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Which layer of the cerebellum do the granule cells populate after migration?
Which layer of the cerebellum do the granule cells populate after migration?
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What process allows neural crest cells to transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal state?
What process allows neural crest cells to transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal state?
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Which of the following is NOT a derivative of neural crest cells?
Which of the following is NOT a derivative of neural crest cells?
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What is the primary function of radial glia cells during cortical development?
What is the primary function of radial glia cells during cortical development?
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Which expression is used as a stop signal for migrating precursors?
Which expression is used as a stop signal for migrating precursors?
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During the development of the cerebral cortex, where do precursor cells primarily originate?
During the development of the cerebral cortex, where do precursor cells primarily originate?
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What key factor influences the formation of neurons versus glial cells during nervous system development?
What key factor influences the formation of neurons versus glial cells during nervous system development?
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What type of cells migrate long distances to their final destination within the central nervous system?
What type of cells migrate long distances to their final destination within the central nervous system?
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What role do glia play in the locomotion of neurons during development?
What role do glia play in the locomotion of neurons during development?
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What is a function of the basal radial glia cells in the outer subventricular zone?
What is a function of the basal radial glia cells in the outer subventricular zone?
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Which aspect of corticogenesis has shown an increase over evolutionary time in primates compared to rodents?
Which aspect of corticogenesis has shown an increase over evolutionary time in primates compared to rodents?
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Where do GABAergic interneurons originate?
Where do GABAergic interneurons originate?
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What do interneurons use to form connections with excitatory neurons in the neocortex?
What do interneurons use to form connections with excitatory neurons in the neocortex?
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What is the significance of thalamocortical pathways in cortical areas?
What is the significance of thalamocortical pathways in cortical areas?
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In the context of neuronal migration, what is the first step that occurs?
In the context of neuronal migration, what is the first step that occurs?
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What is a primary role of the guidance cues in the telencephalon?
What is a primary role of the guidance cues in the telencephalon?
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What principle of corticogenesis is conserved between rodents and primates?
What principle of corticogenesis is conserved between rodents and primates?
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Study Notes
Cell Migration in the Developing Nervous System
- Cell migration is a crucial part of nervous system development.
- Cell migration in the developing nervous system involves different stages, including proliferation, differentiation, connectivity, maturation, and pruning.
- Aberrant development can lead to diseases.
- Neural crest cells contribute to the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- Neural crest cells undergo specification, EMT/delamination, and migration.
- Neural crest cells give rise to cranial (bone, cartilage, connective tissue), vagal (enteric neurons, sensory neurons, glial cells, smooth muscle, cardiac tissue), and trunk (sensory neurons, autonomic neurons, chromaffin cells, glial cells, melanocytes) derivatives.
- Precursor cells in the central nervous system (CNS) migrate long distances to reach their final destinations.
- The development of the cerebral cortex involves proliferation and migration.
- Examples of proliferation stages are observed in E 8.5 in the ventricular zone (VZ).
- Migration is evident from the VZ to the cortical layers.
- Development of cortical and glial cells involves specific times and sequences.
- Radial glia cells are stem cells of the developing cortex.
- Radial glia undergo symmetric and asymmetric divisions, leading to gliogenesis.
- Radial glia cells guide neuronal migration.
- Cajal Retzius cells release Reelin as a stop signal for migrating precursors.
- Apical progenitors/radial glia cells divide asymmetrically to self-renew and generate precursor cells.
- Cortical plate development occurs from the inside out.
- Birthdating with [H]-Thymidine can be used to identify the time of origin of neurons.
- The basic arrangement of cortical areas in the brain is preserved across species.
- Interneurons form synapses with different parts of excitatory neurons.
- The diversity of GABAergic interneurons in the neocortex is essential for neural circuit function.
- Interneurons originate in the medial, caudal, or lateral ganglionic eminence.
- Guidance cues are essential for neuronal migration.
- Ventricle-directed migration precedes layer-specific targeting in interneurons.
- Milestones in cortical interneuron development include neurogenesis, tangential migration, laminar allocation, wiring, programmed cell death, and circuit refinement.
- Cortical migration defects can be categorized as initiation, ongoing migration, lamination, and stop signal defects.
- Reeler mice show aberrant layering of the cortex.
- Cobblestone lissencephaly is a human disorder associated with cortical migration defects.
- Cerebellar development involves granule neuron precursor migration and precerebellar nuclei precursors migration.
- Granule cells send out parallel fibers before migrating along Bergmann glia fibers.
- Cerebellar development is completed about three weeks after birth in mice.
- Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons have different origins.
- Molecular connectivity in the cerebellum involves Purkinje cells, granule cells, and neurons.
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Description
Test your knowledge on neurodevelopmental disorders and their underlying genetic causes. This quiz covers key concepts such as gene mutations, neuronal migration, and structural brain abnormalities. Perfect for students studying neuroscience or related fields.
