Neurodevelopmental Disorder Part 2: Autism Spectrum Disorder

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What are the primary characteristics of autism spectrum disorder?

Social and communication deficits, as well as inflexible and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests.

What is the term used to describe the range of symptoms and severity in autism spectrum disorder?

Autism spectrum disorder

What is the broader category of neurodevelopmental conditions that autism spectrum disorder belongs to?

Pervasive developmental disorders

What are some medical conditions that have been associated with autism spectrum disorder?

Tuberous sclerosis, phenylketonuria, meningitis, encephalitis, fragile X syndrome, and maternal rubella. Signup and view all the answers

What is the current understanding of the causes of autism spectrum disorder?

A combination of genetic, biochemical, and environmental factors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the variation in symptoms of autism spectrum disorder across different ages and abilities?

The manifestation of symptoms varies substantially with age and aptitude. Signup and view all the answers

What is the likelihood of having another child with autism spectrum disorder if parents already have one child with the disorder?

3-5% percent Signup and view all the answers

At what age can autism spectrum disorders frequently be effectively identified?

By the age of three, and in some cases as early as 18 months Signup and view all the answers

Who are typically the first people to notice strange actions in a youngster that may indicate autism spectrum disorder?

The parents Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in autism spectrum disorder rates between monozygotic and dizygotic twins?

Monozygotic twins have a significantly greater rate of autism spectrum disorder Signup and view all the answers

What are some environmental/non-genetic factors that may mediate ASD risk?

Parental age, maternal nutritional and metabolic status, infection during pregnancy, prenatal stress, and exposure to certain toxins, heavy metals, or drugs Signup and view all the answers

At what age can some children with autism spectrum disorder be correctly identified?

1 year old or even younger Signup and view all the answers

What type of deficits are characteristic of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, according to the diagnostic criteria?

Deficits building, sustaining, and comprehending relationships, such as changing behaviour to fit different social circumstances or having trouble in sharing imaginative play or in making friends. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of stereotypical or repetitive motor movement that may be exhibited by individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

Lining up toys. Signup and view all the answers

How do individuals with autism spectrum disorder often respond to changes in their routine or environment?

With intense distress. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the interests and activities of individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

They are abnormally intense or focused, and highly constrained or fixated. Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of life must symptoms of autism spectrum disorder be present in order to meet the diagnostic criteria?

The early developmental phase. Signup and view all the answers

Why must the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder be clinically significant?

Because they limit current functioning in key social, vocational, or other domains. Signup and view all the answers