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Questions and Answers
A child displays difficulties in social interaction and engages in repetitive behaviors. These symptoms were first noticed at 18 months of age. According to the diagnostic criteria, which disorder is MOST likely?
A child displays difficulties in social interaction and engages in repetitive behaviors. These symptoms were first noticed at 18 months of age. According to the diagnostic criteria, which disorder is MOST likely?
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (correct)
- Social Anxiety Disorder
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder
An 11-year-old is consistently inattentive at school and hyperactive at home. To meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, at what age must these symptoms have been present?
An 11-year-old is consistently inattentive at school and hyperactive at home. To meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, at what age must these symptoms have been present?
- Symptoms can emerge at any age
- Before age 7
- Before age 5
- Before age 12 (correct)
In clinical assessments for neurodevelopmental disorders, why is it important to gather information from multiple sources like parents and teachers?
In clinical assessments for neurodevelopmental disorders, why is it important to gather information from multiple sources like parents and teachers?
- To reduce the time required for the assessment process
- To ensure that the assessment is solely based on objective observations
- To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the individual's behavior across different settings (correct)
- To minimize the influence of subjective opinions on the assessment
A clinician is evaluating a child for a suspected neurodevelopmental disorder. What is the MOST important reason for conducting a differential diagnosis?
A clinician is evaluating a child for a suspected neurodevelopmental disorder. What is the MOST important reason for conducting a differential diagnosis?
A child is diagnosed with both ASD and ADHD. How does comorbidity MOST likely affect the diagnostic and treatment process?
A child is diagnosed with both ASD and ADHD. How does comorbidity MOST likely affect the diagnostic and treatment process?
Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of using standardized tests in the clinical assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders?
Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of using standardized tests in the clinical assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders?
A teenager displays symptoms of inattention and impulsivity, but only at home. They show no signs of these symptoms at school or in other settings. Does this meet the criteria for ADHD, and Why?
A teenager displays symptoms of inattention and impulsivity, but only at home. They show no signs of these symptoms at school or in other settings. Does this meet the criteria for ADHD, and Why?
What is the MOST accurate description of how the DSM-5 is used in diagnosing neurodevelopmental disorders?
What is the MOST accurate description of how the DSM-5 is used in diagnosing neurodevelopmental disorders?
If a child exhibits symptoms of both anxiety and inattention, how should a clinician approach the differential diagnosis?
If a child exhibits symptoms of both anxiety and inattention, how should a clinician approach the differential diagnosis?
Why is early recognition of symptoms in neurodevelopmental disorders, like ASD, important?
Why is early recognition of symptoms in neurodevelopmental disorders, like ASD, important?
Flashcards
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Conditions that begin in the developmental period, like ASD and ADHD.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Characterized by deficits in social communication, interaction, and repetitive behaviors.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
A neurodevelopmental disorder with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
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Diagnostic Criteria
Diagnostic Criteria
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Clinical Assessments
Clinical Assessments
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Comorbidity
Comorbidity
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Differential Diagnosis Importance
Differential Diagnosis Importance
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Study Notes
- Neurodevelopmental disorders are conditions that begin in the developmental period
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are examples of neurodevelopmental disorders
- Differential diagnosis distinguishes between diseases or conditions with similar symptoms
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- ASD features persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across various contexts
- ASD includes restricted, repetitive behavior patterns, interests, or activities
- ASD symptoms are typically recognized in the first two years of life
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
- ADHD symptoms must appear before age 12
- Symptoms of ADHD must be present in at least two settings
Diagnostic Criteria
- The DSM-5 outlines diagnostic criteria for neurodevelopmental disorders
- Meeting the diagnostic criteria is required for a diagnosis
- Clinical assessments determine if an individual meets the diagnostic criteria
Clinical Assessments
- Clinical assessments use interviews, observations, and standardized tests
- Assessments gather information from parents, teachers, and the individual
- Assessment tools evaluate cognitive, adaptive, and social-emotional functioning
Comorbidity
- Comorbidity is the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in one individual
- ASD and ADHD frequently co-occur
- Comorbidity presence can complicate diagnosis and treatment
Differential Diagnosis
- Differential diagnosis is crucial for evaluating individuals with suspected neurodevelopmental disorders
- Consider other conditions with similar symptoms
- Anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and learning disabilities can mimic or exacerbate symptoms of ASD and ADHD
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