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Questions and Answers
Which drug is a dopamine precursor?
Which drug is a dopamine precursor?
- Entacapone
- Selegiline
- Bromocriptine
- Levodopa (correct)
Which drug is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor?
Which drug is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor?
- Carbidopa (correct)
- Amantadine
- Pergolide
- Rasagiline
Which drug is an MAO-B inhibitor?
Which drug is an MAO-B inhibitor?
- Entacapone
- Procyclidine
- Rasagiline (correct)
- Tolcapone
Which drug is a COMT inhibitor?
Which drug is a COMT inhibitor?
Which drug is used to minimize resting tremor and drooling but is not as effective for rigidity and bradykinesia?
Which drug is used to minimize resting tremor and drooling but is not as effective for rigidity and bradykinesia?
Which drug is a dopamine facilitator?
Which drug is a dopamine facilitator?
Which drug is a central anticholinergic?
Which drug is a central anticholinergic?
Which drug is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor?
Which drug is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor?
Which drug is a dopamine precursor?
Which drug is a dopamine precursor?
Which drug is an MAO-B inhibitor?
Which drug is an MAO-B inhibitor?
What did Joseph Lister introduce as antiseptic principles?
What did Joseph Lister introduce as antiseptic principles?
What is the main focus of health care concerning infections?
What is the main focus of health care concerning infections?
What is the goal of modern antimicrobial chemotherapy?
What is the goal of modern antimicrobial chemotherapy?
What are germicides?
What are germicides?
Who worked on antibacterial dyes and antiparasitic organic arsenicals as 'magic bullets' for treating infections?
Who worked on antibacterial dyes and antiparasitic organic arsenicals as 'magic bullets' for treating infections?
What did Joseph Lister use for antiseptic principles in surgery and post-traumatic injury?
What did Joseph Lister use for antiseptic principles in surgery and post-traumatic injury?
What is the prime concern in the health care system concerning infections?
What is the prime concern in the health care system concerning infections?
What is the focus of modern antimicrobial chemotherapy?
What is the focus of modern antimicrobial chemotherapy?
What are germicides?
What are germicides?
Who worked on antibacterial dyes and antiparasitic organic arsenicals as 'magic bullets' for treating infections?
Who worked on antibacterial dyes and antiparasitic organic arsenicals as 'magic bullets' for treating infections?
Which antiseptic is a charge transfer complex of iodine with nonionic surfactant polymer polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP)?
Which antiseptic is a charge transfer complex of iodine with nonionic surfactant polymer polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP)?
Which antiseptic is a broad spectrum antibacterial biguanide, but not effective against acid-fast bacteria, spores, or virus?
Which antiseptic is a broad spectrum antibacterial biguanide, but not effective against acid-fast bacteria, spores, or virus?
Which antiseptic is a dark green crystal and is used for the treatment of cystitis and urethritis?
Which antiseptic is a dark green crystal and is used for the treatment of cystitis and urethritis?
Which antiseptic is incorporated into ointment bases for the treatment of localized infections and syphilis?
Which antiseptic is incorporated into ointment bases for the treatment of localized infections and syphilis?
Which preservative is a derivative of p-Hydroxybenzoic acid and has antifungal properties?
Which preservative is a derivative of p-Hydroxybenzoic acid and has antifungal properties?
Which preservative is bacteriostatic in injection, eye drops, and ointment, and is stable at a pH around 5?
Which preservative is bacteriostatic in injection, eye drops, and ointment, and is stable at a pH around 5?
Which preservative is present in volatile oils, resins like Peru balsm, and is used in ointments & lotions as an antiseptic?
Which preservative is present in volatile oils, resins like Peru balsm, and is used in ointments & lotions as an antiseptic?
Which antiseptic is a water soluble non-polar preservative and is used in combination with propyl paraben as a preservative?
Which antiseptic is a water soluble non-polar preservative and is used in combination with propyl paraben as a preservative?
Which antiseptic is used to preserve acid liquid preparations and is also an effective antifungal preservative?
Which antiseptic is used to preserve acid liquid preparations and is also an effective antifungal preservative?
Which antiseptic is a 2,4-hexadienoic acid and is water immiscible, effective as an antifungal preservative?
Which antiseptic is a 2,4-hexadienoic acid and is water immiscible, effective as an antifungal preservative?
Which compound is a charge transfer complex of iodine with nonionic surfactant polymer polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP)?
Which compound is a charge transfer complex of iodine with nonionic surfactant polymer polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP)?
Which compound is a broad spectrum antibacterial biguanide but not effective against acid-fast bacteria, spores or virus?
Which compound is a broad spectrum antibacterial biguanide but not effective against acid-fast bacteria, spores or virus?
Which compound is a cationic surfactant, exerting bactericidal action and effective against fungi and protozoa?
Which compound is a cationic surfactant, exerting bactericidal action and effective against fungi and protozoa?
Which compound is a thiomerosal, a non-staining and nonirritant topical bacteriostatic agent?
Which compound is a thiomerosal, a non-staining and nonirritant topical bacteriostatic agent?
Which compound is a water soluble non-polar preservative, often used in combination with propyl paraben?
Which compound is a water soluble non-polar preservative, often used in combination with propyl paraben?
Which compound is a bacteriostatic agent used in injection, eye drops, and ointments, and is reasonably stable at pH around 5?
Which compound is a bacteriostatic agent used in injection, eye drops, and ointments, and is reasonably stable at pH around 5?
Which compound is a preservative in cosmetics and confectionary items, and is present in orange oil and rose oil?
Which compound is a preservative in cosmetics and confectionary items, and is present in orange oil and rose oil?
Which compound is an antifungal preservative used in lotions, ointments, and mouthwashes, and is water soluble?
Which compound is an antifungal preservative used in lotions, ointments, and mouthwashes, and is water soluble?
Which compound is a water immiscible, effective antifungal preservative used in elixirs, syrups, lotions, and ointments?
Which compound is a water immiscible, effective antifungal preservative used in elixirs, syrups, lotions, and ointments?
Which compound is a derivative of p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Parabens) and has antifungal properties?
Which compound is a derivative of p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Parabens) and has antifungal properties?
Who introduced the antiseptic principles for use in surgery and post-traumatic injury in 1867?
Who introduced the antiseptic principles for use in surgery and post-traumatic injury in 1867?
Which scientist worked on antibacterial dyes and antiparasitic organic arsenicals as 'magic bullets' for treating infections?
Which scientist worked on antibacterial dyes and antiparasitic organic arsenicals as 'magic bullets' for treating infections?
What is the prime concern in the healthcare system regarding infections?
What is the prime concern in the healthcare system regarding infections?
What are germicides?
What are germicides?
What led to the modern antimicrobial chemotherapy?
What led to the modern antimicrobial chemotherapy?
What are the ideal properties of antiseptic and disinfectant?
What are the ideal properties of antiseptic and disinfectant?
What is the main concern in public health care regarding infections?
What is the main concern in public health care regarding infections?
What are infections caused by?
What are infections caused by?
What did Joseph Lister use for antiseptic principles in surgery and post-traumatic injury?
What did Joseph Lister use for antiseptic principles in surgery and post-traumatic injury?
What did Paul Ehrlich work on for treating infections?
What did Paul Ehrlich work on for treating infections?
Which type of microorganisms do antiseptics target?
Which type of microorganisms do antiseptics target?
What is the primary function of disinfectants?
What is the primary function of disinfectants?
What inorganic substances are commonly used as antiseptics and disinfectants?
What inorganic substances are commonly used as antiseptics and disinfectants?
How do alcohols like ethyl and isopropyl alcohol act on microorganisms?
How do alcohols like ethyl and isopropyl alcohol act on microorganisms?
What renders denatured alcohol unfit for use in intoxicating beverages?
What renders denatured alcohol unfit for use in intoxicating beverages?
How is ethylene oxide primarily used in medical settings?
How is ethylene oxide primarily used in medical settings?
What is the primary function of formaldehyde solution and glutaraldehyde?
What is the primary function of formaldehyde solution and glutaraldehyde?
What does the phenol coefficient measure in disinfectants?
What does the phenol coefficient measure in disinfectants?
Which substances have various antiseptic and antibacterial properties?
Which substances have various antiseptic and antibacterial properties?
In what products can hexachlorophene, a soluble antiseptic, be used?
In what products can hexachlorophene, a soluble antiseptic, be used?
Which type of substance is used as antiseptics and disinfectants?
Which type of substance is used as antiseptics and disinfectants?
What is the specific mechanism of action of aldehydes such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde?
What is the specific mechanism of action of aldehydes such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde?
Which substance is used to sterilize temperature-sensitive medical equipment and drugs, but is extremely toxic and carcinogenic?
Which substance is used to sterilize temperature-sensitive medical equipment and drugs, but is extremely toxic and carcinogenic?
What is the specific property of phenols and their derivatives that contributes to their germicidal activity?
What is the specific property of phenols and their derivatives that contributes to their germicidal activity?
Which type of bacteria are oxidizing agents like hydrogen peroxide and metal peroxides effective against?
Which type of bacteria are oxidizing agents like hydrogen peroxide and metal peroxides effective against?
What are carbamide peroxide and benzoyl peroxide used for?
What are carbamide peroxide and benzoyl peroxide used for?
What is crucial for effective and safe use of antiseptics and disinfectants in medical and hygiene practices?
What is crucial for effective and safe use of antiseptics and disinfectants in medical and hygiene practices?
Which substance denatures important proteins and carbohydrates in microorganisms and is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant?
Which substance denatures important proteins and carbohydrates in microorganisms and is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant?
What is the main difference between antiseptics and disinfectants?
What is the main difference between antiseptics and disinfectants?
What is the specific use of ethylene oxide?
What is the specific use of ethylene oxide?
What are hemorrhoids?
What are hemorrhoids?
What is the most common type of hemorrhoids?
What is the most common type of hemorrhoids?
What is a possible cause of hemorrhoids?
What is a possible cause of hemorrhoids?
At what age are hemorrhoids rare?
At what age are hemorrhoids rare?
Where are internal hemorrhoids located?
Where are internal hemorrhoids located?
What is a risk factor for developing hemorrhoids?
What is a risk factor for developing hemorrhoids?
What is an example of non-pharmacologic therapy for treating hemorrhoids?
What is an example of non-pharmacologic therapy for treating hemorrhoids?
What may go undetected until bleeding occurs?
What may go undetected until bleeding occurs?
What is a manifestation of hemorrhoids?
What is a manifestation of hemorrhoids?
Which age group is most common for developing hemorrhoids?
Which age group is most common for developing hemorrhoids?
What type of activities may contribute to developing hemorrhoids?
What type of activities may contribute to developing hemorrhoids?
What is a common manifestation of internal hemorrhoids?
What is a common manifestation of internal hemorrhoids?
Which non-pharmacological therapy is recommended for minimizing pain in hemorrhoids?
Which non-pharmacological therapy is recommended for minimizing pain in hemorrhoids?
What is the recommended treatment for a patient complaining of pain, bleeding, and perianal itching?
What is the recommended treatment for a patient complaining of pain, bleeding, and perianal itching?
What is crucial for the prevention of hemorrhoids?
What is crucial for the prevention of hemorrhoids?
What diagnostic examination may a doctor perform to confirm the diagnosis of hemorrhoids?
What diagnostic examination may a doctor perform to confirm the diagnosis of hemorrhoids?
What is a common complication of hemorrhoids due to significant blood loss?
What is a common complication of hemorrhoids due to significant blood loss?
What non-surgical treatment involves injecting phenol in almond oil?
What non-surgical treatment involves injecting phenol in almond oil?
What type of medication is recommended for female patients who are pregnant and experiencing hemorrhoids?
What type of medication is recommended for female patients who are pregnant and experiencing hemorrhoids?
Which medication is recommended for managing symptoms of less than 3 weeks duration?
Which medication is recommended for managing symptoms of less than 3 weeks duration?
Which medication should be given if the patient has high BP, heart disease, thyroid issues, or difficulty in urination?
Which medication should be given if the patient has high BP, heart disease, thyroid issues, or difficulty in urination?
Flashcards
Dopamine precursor
Dopamine precursor
A drug that the body converts to dopamine.
Peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor
Peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor
A drug that stops the conversion of levodopa to dopamine outside the brain.
MAO-B inhibitor
MAO-B inhibitor
A drug that slows down the breakdown of dopamine in the brain.
COMT inhibitor
COMT inhibitor
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Procyclidine
Procyclidine
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Dopamine facilitator
Dopamine facilitator
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Central anticholinergic
Central anticholinergic
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Levodopa
Levodopa
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Selegiline
Selegiline
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Phenol/carbolic acid
Phenol/carbolic acid
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Infection prevention and treatment
Infection prevention and treatment
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Selective toxicity
Selective toxicity
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Germicides
Germicides
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Paul Ehrlich
Paul Ehrlich
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Povidone iodine
Povidone iodine
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Chlorhexidine gluconate
Chlorhexidine gluconate
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Methylene Blue
Methylene Blue
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Thiomerosal
Thiomerosal
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Parabens
Parabens
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Chlorobutanol
Chlorobutanol
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Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol
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Methyl paraben
Methyl paraben
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Sodium benzoate
Sodium benzoate
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Study Notes
Overview of Antiseptics and Disinfectants
- Antiseptics are agents that kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms on living tissue, with either a cidal or static effect.
- Disinfectants prevent transmission or infection by destroying pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate objects.
- Inorganic substances like halogens, oxidizing agents, acids and alkalis, metallic salts, and cationic surfactants are used as antiseptics and disinfectants.
- Alcohol denatures important proteins and carbohydrates in microorganisms and is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.
- Ethylene oxide is used to sterilize temperature-sensitive medical equipment and drugs, but is extremely toxic and carcinogenic.
- Aldehydes such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are used for disinfection and sterilization, with specific mechanisms of action.
- Phenols and their derivatives have germicidal activity, expressed in the phenol coefficient, and denature bacterial proteins at low concentrations.
- Specific phenol derivatives like p-chlorophenol, p-chloro-m-xylenol, thymol, eugenol, and hexylresorcinol have various antiseptic and antibacterial properties.
- Oxidizing agents like hydrogen peroxide and metal peroxides are effective against anaerobic bacteria but have poor penetrability into infected tissues and organic matter.
- Carbamide peroxide and benzoyl peroxide are stable complexes used for topical treatment of mouth ulcers, dental care, and acne.
- Each type of antiseptic and disinfectant has specific uses, mechanisms of action, and potential side effects.
- Understanding the properties and applications of different antiseptics and disinfectants is crucial for effective and safe use in medical and hygiene practices.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the pharmacology of neurodegenerative diseases with this quiz. Learn about the classification, mechanism of action, uses, adverse effects, drug interactions, and precautions of antiparkinsonian drugs, including dopaminergic agonists, dopamine precursors, and peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors.
