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Questions and Answers
What is the first step in the process of forming neural circuits?
What reflects interactions among proteins found in different regions of a neuron’s cytoskeleton?
What depends on the directed growth of axons and recognition of appropriate synaptic targets?
What influences neuron survival once axons find their way to appropriate targets and form synapses?
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What helps match the numbers of innervating neurons to the needs of the target group in the developing nervous system?
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What depends on growth cones—the specialized endings of growing axons?
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What regulates the subsequent growth of axons and dendrites and the addition of synapses?
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Which molecules transduce adhesion and neurotrophic signals as synapses and circuits mature?
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What do epithelial cells assemble into?
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What do the apical surfaces of epithelial cells face?
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What is typically specialized for intercellular communication in epithelial cells?
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What do basolateral distinctions in epithelial cells arise from?
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What do epithelial cells found in tissues such as the gut, lung, kidney, and pancreas enclose?
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What does the apical domain of epithelial cells have that may increase the surface area for taking in and releasing specific molecules?
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Where is the site of endosomal traffic in a simple polarized epithelial tube?
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What does the green labeling in a simple polarized epithelial tube represent?
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Study Notes
Neural Circuit Formation
- The first step in forming neural circuits is the directed growth of axons and recognition of appropriate synaptic targets.
- Axon growth and recognition of synaptic targets depend on growth cones—the specialized endings of growing axons.
Neuron Survival and Development
- Neuron survival once axons find their way to appropriate targets and form synapses is influenced by neurotrophic signals.
- The matching of the numbers of innervating neurons to the needs of the target group in the developing nervous system is regulated by neurotrophic signals.
Epithelial Cell Structure and Function
- Epithelial cells assemble into a sheet of cells that enclose a space or a tube.
- The apical surfaces of epithelial cells face the enclosed space or lumen.
- The apical domain of epithelial cells has microvilli, which increase the surface area for taking in and releasing specific molecules.
- The site of endosomal traffic in a simple polarized epithelial tube is the apical domain.
- Basolateral distinctions in epithelial cells arise from the differences between the apical and basolateral domains.
- The apical domain of epithelial cells is typically specialized for intercellular communication.
- The green labeling in a simple polarized epithelial tube represents the apical domain.
Protein Interactions
- Interactions among proteins found in different regions of a neuron's cytoskeleton reflect the formation of neural circuits.
- Adhesion and neurotrophic signals are transduced by specific molecules as synapses and circuits mature.
- The growth of axons and dendrites and the addition of synapses are regulated by these molecules.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the construction of neural circuits, including the establishment of axons and dendrites in newly generated neurons, cellular polarization, and the process of forming interconnected groups of neurons.
