Week 7 Muscle Building Drugs Quiz
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Week 7 Muscle Building Drugs Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary hormonal mechanism by which clenbuterol exerts its anabolic effects?

  • Stimulation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors (correct)
  • Activation of steroid hormone receptors
  • Elevation of insulin levels
  • Inhibition of protein synthesis

    • Which of the following substances is not classified as an anabolic agent by the World Anti-Doping Agency?

  • Testosterone
  • SARM
  • Clenbuterol
  • Creatine (correct)

    • What is the role of the 'creatine phosphate shuttle' in muscle metabolism?

  • To regenerate ATP from ADP (correct)
  • To enhance oxygen delivery
  • To increase fat oxidation
  • To transport glucose to muscles

    • Which hormone or substance is included in the prohibited list by WADA for competitive athletes?

    <p>Growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does clenbuterol have on muscle mass?

    <p>Inhibits myofibrillar protein breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a peptide hormone according to WADA's prohibited list?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason for athletes to engage in doping practices?

    <p>To improve recovery speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does growth hormone affect muscle function?

    <p>It supports protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of clenbuterol on slow-twitch muscle fibers?

    <p>Decreases the force produced in response to an action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are fast-twitch muscle fibers less affected by clenbuterol compared to slow-twitch fibers?

    <p>Higher baseline calcium levels maintained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism contributes to calcium efflux from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the presence of clenbuterol?

    <p>Phosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is NOT commonly associated with clenbuterol use?

    <p>Muscle growth inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the higher susceptibility of slow-twitch muscle fibers to clenbuterol?

    <p>Lower levels of calcium uptake pumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathway does clenbuterol NOT affect in muscle fibers?

    <p>Beta-2 adrenoreceptor pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cardiovascular side effect of clenbuterol?

    <p>Sudden heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the effect of clenbuterol on skeletal muscle is true?

    <p>It has a more detrimental effect on slow-twitch fibers than on fast-twitch fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological change is primarily stimulated by growth hormone?

    <p>Reduced fat mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant side effect of anabolic steroids related to cardiovascular health?

    <p>Myocardial hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does growth hormone have on muscle strength?

    <p>No major effect on muscle strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a typical psychological side effect associated with anabolic steroids?

    <p>Heightened cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic pathway is stimulated by growth hormone during anaerobic exercise?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anabolic steroid side effect specifically affects women?

    <p>Menstrual irregularity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does growth hormone have on exercise capacity according to the content?

    <p>Stimulates anaerobic exercise capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the observed benefits of growth hormone on connective tissue?

    <p>Shorter recovery time after soft tissue injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances did GH primarily enhance the synthesis of?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the study referenced, what was the dosage range of growth hormone administered to the participants?

    <p>33.3 to 50 μg/kg/d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Fold change over placebo' indicate in the context of GH effects?

    <p>Comparison of GH effects with a baseline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the referenced effects of GH on muscle, which type of mRNA was notably measured?

    <p>Myofibrillar mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological response is associated with the administration of growth hormone over the placebo?

    <p>Increased synthesis of IGF-I and collagen mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about GH effects is correct?

    <p>GH positively influences collagen synthesis in tendon tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long was growth hormone administered in the study to observe its effects?

    <p>14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a testosterone:epitestosterone (T/E) ratio above the cut-off of 4 indicate?

    <p>Presence of exogenous testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Carbon Isotope Ratio method measure to detect steroid doping?

    <p>13C/12C ratio in testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of recombinant hGH compared to pituitary hGH?

    <p>Contains only the 22 kD isoform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the Biomarker Test for hGH detection?

    <p>It indicates a significant increase in IGF-1 and PIIINP markers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of detecting GH abuse mentioned in the content?

    <p>Short window of detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does exogenous GH affect pituitary GH secretion?

    <p>Suppresses pituitary GH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cut-off value is suggested for the Biomarker Test for detecting GH abuse?

    <p>3.7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary factor can affect the Carbon Isotope Ratio in testosterone tests?

    <p>Diet rich in maize or sugar cane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning Objectives

    • Understand the mechanism of action of anabolic drugs like clenbuterol.
    • Describe creatine's mode of action and the role of the creatine phosphate shuttle.
    • Recognize the impact of anabolic steroids and growth hormones on muscle mass and function.
    • Learn principles of hormone doping detection.

    Muscle Building Drugs

    • Aim to enhance body composition by increasing muscle mass and performance.

    Doping in Sports

    • Doping enhances fitness; notable case: Nadezhda Sergeeva tested positive for trimetazidine at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
    • World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has a comprehensive prohibited list including anabolic steroids, peptide hormones, beta-2 agonists, and more.

    Clenbuterol

    • Class: β2-adrenergic receptor agonist; mimics adrenaline to induce muscle growth.
    • Mechanism: Inhibits protein breakdown leading to increased muscle mass; acts on the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle.
    • Distinct effects in fast-twitch vs. slow-twitch muscle fibers; fast-twitch fibers show resistance to certain detrimental effects.

    Effects of Clenbuterol

    • In fast-twitch fibers, enhances muscle hypertrophy while preserving calcium handling abilities.
    • Slow-twitch fibers experience calcium leakage, reducing force production during muscle contractions.
    • Side effects include: ventricular hypertrophy, increased heart rate, hypertension, headaches, and muscle cramps.

    Growth Hormone (GH)

    • Increases collagen synthesis aiding tissue repair; shortens recovery time.
    • Enhances anaerobic exercise capacity but has no significant effect on strength or aerobic capacity.
    • Major benefits include increased muscle mass and reduced fat through stimulated lipolysis.

    Side Effects of Anabolic Steroids

    • Physical: gynecomastia, acne, hirsutism, and sexual dysfunction.
    • Psychological: depression, mania, substance abuse, increased aggression, and risk of self-harm.
    • Cardiovascular: altered cholesterol levels, myocardial hypertrophy, and increased mortality risk.

    Mechanisms of Detection

    • Urinary testosterone/epitestosterone ratio helps identify exogenous testosterone use. Normal ratio is 1:1, with a cutoff of 4 defined.
    • Carbon Isotope Ratio analysis to detect altered testosterone signatures based on diet.
    • Growth hormone detection via isoform testing and biomarkers to identify unnatural GH levels in the body.

    Key Observations on GH Abuse

    • Difficult to detect due to short half-life and variability in marker response.
    • Abuse with testosterone enhances detection likelihood; effective testing windows can last up to two weeks post-use.
    • Examples of doping incidents involving well-known athletes highlight the challenges in detecting performance-enhancing drugs.

    Conclusion

    • Awareness of muscle building drugs and performance supplements is crucial for understanding their implications in sports and health.

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    Related Documents

    L17 Muscle building drugs 1 slide per page.pdf

    Description

    Test your knowledge on muscle building drugs and performance supplements in the NEUR3101 course. This quiz covers anabolic drugs like clenbuterol, dietary supplements such as creatine, and the effects of steroids and growth hormones on muscle mass and function.

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