Nervous Tissue and Glial Cells Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Dendrites contain Nissl bodies.

False (B)

Sensory neurons conduct nerve impulses to the CNS.

True (A)

Synapses are structures responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses from one neuron to the other.

True (A)

Nissl bodies are present in perikaryon and dendrites.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nissl bodies are represented by mitochondria.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nodes of Ranvier are interruptions occurring in the myelin sheaths at regular intervals along the length of the axon.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nervous tissue is vascularized.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ependymocytes are present in the ganglia.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neuronal signals are conducted faster in electrical synapses than in chemical.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pseudounipolar neurons can be found in the olfactory epithelium.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sensory neurons are efferent.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only bipolar neurons consist of 2 axons.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Melanin granules are found in neurons in certain regions of the CNS.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Axons transmit impulses to other neurons or effector cells.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dendrites

Branch-like structures that receive signals from other neurons.

Sensory Neurons

Neurons that carry impulse to the Central Nervous System (CNS).

Synapses

Structures that allow nerve impulse transmission between neurons.

Nissl Bodies

Clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum found in neurons.

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Nodes of Ranvier

Gaps in the myelin sheath along an axon.

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Glial Cells

Supportive cells in the nervous system that protect neurons.

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Protoplasmic Astrocytes

Type of glial cell found in CNS grey matter.

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Schwann Cells

Cells that form myelin in the peripheral nervous system.

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Ependymal Cells

Line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord.

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Oligodendrocytes

Cells that myelinate axons in the CNS.

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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.

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Efferent Neurons

Motor neurons that transmit signals to effector organs/tissues.

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Reticulocytes

Immature red blood cells that are not fully mature erythrocytes.

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Thymus

A lymphatic organ that is essential for T cell development.

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Plasma

Liquid component of blood that carries cells and nutrients.

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Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

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Type II Pneumocytes

Cells in the alveoli that produce surfactant.

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Lymphocytes

White blood cells that play a crucial role in immunity.

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Bone Marrow

Hematopoietic tissue responsible for blood cell production.

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Immune System

Body system that protects against disease and foreign invaders.

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Respiratory Epithelium

Lining of the respiratory tract that filters and humidifies air.

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Mucosa

A membrane lining cavities and covering organs, producing mucus.

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Clara Cells

Secretory cells in the bronchioles that detoxify harmful substances.

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Dust Cells

Alveolar macrophages that engulf dust particles and pathogens.

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Pulmonary Surfactant

A substance that lowers surface tension in the alveoli.

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Bronchial Tree

Air passages that branch off from the trachea to the lungs.

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Study Notes

Nervous Tissue

  • Nerve impulse transmission: Synapses are structures responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between neurons.
  • Nissl bodies location: Nissl bodies are present in the perikaryon and dendrites, not in dendrites alone.
  • Myelin sheath interruptions: Nodes of Ranvier are interruptions in the myelin sheath along axons.
  • Nervous tissue vascularization: Nervous tissue is vascularized, meaning it has blood vessels.
  • Ganglia location: Ganglia are aggregations of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Motor neuron function: Motor neurons send impulses to effector organs.

Glial Cells

  • Glial cell function: Glial cells provide metabolic and mechanical support to neurons.
  • Astrocyte types: Protoplasmic astrocytes are present in the grey matter, while fibrous astrocytes are present in the white matter of the CNS.
  • Schwann cell function: Schwann cells form myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
  • Ependymal cell characteristic: Ependymal cells are epithelial-like cells lining the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord.
  • Microglial cell function: Microglial cells are macrophages of the CNS.
  • Oligodendrocyte function: Oligodendrocytes are myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Neuron properties: Neurons are metabolically active.

Neurons

  • Nissl bodies composition: Nissl bodies are formed by rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes.
  • Nissl bodies location: Nissl bodies are found in the perikaryon.
  • Neuron function: Neurons are metabolically active.
  • Multipolar neuron structure: A multipolar neuron has many dendrites and one axon.
  • Ganglion composition: Ganglia contain primarily neuronal cell bodies.

Unmyelinated Axons

  • Schwann cell association: Schwann cells envelop multiple axons in the PNS.
  • Myelin sheath: Myelin sheaths are not present in unmyelinated axons.
  • Node of Ranvier: Nodes of Ranvier are absent in unmyelinated axons.

Epineurium

  • Epineurium function: Surrounds the entire nerve.
  • Epineurium composition: Dense, irregular fibrous connective tissue.
  • Nerve structure: Contains blood vessels.

Satellite Cells

  • Satellite cell location: Satellite cells are found within ganglia.

Interneurons

  • Interneuron function: Interneurons connect motor and sensory neurons.
  • Interneuron type: Can be multipolar neurons
  • Interneuron prevalence: Create the majority of neurons in the human CNS.
  • Interneuron myelination: Their axons are not always myelinated.

Neural Crest

  • Neural crest cell migration molecules: Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, and fibronectin are associated with Neural crest cell migration.

Neural Crest Origin

  • Neural crest originates from neural ectoderm.

Blood and Bone Marrow

  • Plasma composition: Plasma contains fibrinogen; serum does not.
  • Erythrocyte maturation: Reticulocytes are immature erythrocytes.
  • Leukocyte types: Lymphocytes comprise 4-8% of circulating leukocytes.
  • Megakaryocyte characteristics: Megakaryocytes are the largest hematopoietic cells and have polyploid nuclei.
  • Basophil presence: Basophils are not the most numerous granulocytes.
  • Monocyte development: Monocytes differentiate into macrophages.

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

  • Hematopoietic stem cell properties: All blood cells originate from a single hematopoietic stem cell, possessing differentiation potential and self-renewal capacity.
  • Hematopoietic stem cell morphology: Hematopoietic stem cells have a morphology similar to neutrophils

Embryonic Development of Blood Cells

  • Yolk sac, AGM, liver, spleen and bone marrow: These organs serve as sites for blood cell formation during embryonic development, in order.

Leukocytes

  • Monocyte differentiation: Monocytes differentiate into macrophages.
  • Neutrophil characteristics: Neutrophils are not the largest leukocytes.

Bone Marrow

  • Bone marrow location: Red bone marrow is found in particular bones and in flat bones.
  • Bone marrow function: Red bone marrow is a site of hematopoiesis(blood cell production).

Lymphatic and Immune System

  • Adaptive immunity properties: Adaptive immunity involves antigen-presenting cells and the activity of B lymphocytes and their products.

Thymus

  • Thymus tissue type: The thymus belongs to the central lymphoid organ system, and its structure includes connective tissue, and other tissues.
  • Thymus function: The thymus does not produce antibodies, but it plays a significant role in the maturation and differentiation of T lymphocytes involved in the immune response.

Lymphatic Tissue

  • Lymph node structure: Lymph nodes possess an outer cortex and an inner medulla in their structure.
  • Lymphatic nodule function: Lymph nodules are found in lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils and Peyer's patches, involved in immune responses to pathogens.

Skin

  • Skin layers origin: The epidermis develops from ectoderm, whereas the dermis develops from mesoderm, while the hypodermis is largely derived from mesenchyme.

Skin Derivatives

  • Eccrine sweat glands location: Eccrine sweat glands are distributed widely over the entire body surface.
  • Hair follicle origins: Each hair develops from an invagination of the epidermis.

Langerhans Cells

  • Langerhans cell characteristics: Langerhans cells are macrophages, part of the antigen-presenting cell (APC) system, and are located in the stratum spinosum.

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Description

Test your knowledge on nervous tissue and glial cells with this quiz. Explore key concepts such as nerve impulse transmission, the role of Nissl bodies, and the functions of various types of glial cells. This is essential for understanding neurobiology and its complexities.

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