Nervous Tissue Anatomy and Function

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Questions and Answers

What is the basic division of the nervous system?

Central nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (correct)

Central nervous system and neuromuscular system

Central nervous system and peripheral circulatory system

What is the typical shape of the nerve cell bodies in autonomic ganglia?

Pseudo unipolar

Bipolar

Stellate multipolar (correct)

Rounded cell body with central nucleus

What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous tissue?

Nerve processes

Nerve cells (correct)

Neuroglia

Nerve fibers

What is the characteristic of the capsule in autonomic ganglia?

Thin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendrites in a nerve cell?

They conduct nerve impulses towards the cell body Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of the axon?

It is single, thin and long Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of the cell body of a nerve cell?

It has a large rounded central pale nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of nerve cells in autonomic ganglia?

Scattered and equal in size Signup and view all the answers

What is present in the cytoplasm of the cell body?

RER, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and neurotubules Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of synapses in autonomic ganglia?

Present Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the mature nerve cell?

It has no centrosome, so it cannot divide Signup and view all the answers

What type of nerve fibers are present in autonomic ganglia?

Thin and non-myelinated Signup and view all the answers

Where are autonomic ganglia typically located?

Along sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves Signup and view all the answers

What may cover the axon?

Myelin sheath Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the cell body of a bipolar neuron?

Fusiform Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron has a single long axon and multiple short dendrites?

Stellate neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nerve fiber in spinal ganglia?

To conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a pseudo-unipolar neuron?

It has a rounded cell body with one process that divides into two branches Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of cerebro-spinal ganglia?

In the cranial and spinal sensory nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a pyramidal neuron?

It has a pyramidal shape with multiple dendrites and a single axon Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of a ganglion?

A collection of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the nerve cell bodies in spinal ganglia?

They are pseudo-unipolar neurons Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is one of the basic tissues of the body, dividing anatomically into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves and ganglia).
Histologically, it divides into nerve cells (neurons) and neuroglia.

Structure of Nerve Cells (Neurons)

A nerve cell (neuron) is the structural and functional unit of nervous tissue, consisting of a cell body (perikaryon), nerve processes (axon and dendrites), and cell inclusions.

Cell Body (Perikaryon)

The cell body contains a large, rounded central pale nucleus with a prominent nucleolus.
Cytoplasm contains RER, scattered basophilic bodies (Nissl's granules), Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, SER, neurotubules, and neurofilaments.
The mature nerve cell has no centrosome, so it cannot divide.

Dendrites

Dendrites are multiple, short, and thick processes branching along their course.
They have irregular surfaces and diameters.
Dendrites conduct nerve impulses towards the cell body and contain all organelles except Golgi, including Nissl granules.

Axon

The axon is a single, thin, and long process of the cell body.
It has a regular surface and diameter.
The axon branches at its terminal end, forming axon terminals.
Its cytoplasm contains most organelles, but no Golgi or Nissl granules.
The axon may be covered by a myelin sheath and transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body.

Types of Neurons

Unipolar neurons have one process, found in invertebrates.
Pseudo-unipolar neurons have one process that divides into two branches, found in cells of spinal ganglia.
Bipolar neurons have a fusiform cell body with two processes, one acting as an axon and the other as a dendrite, found in the olfactory epithelium, retina, and inner ear.
Multipolar neurons can be:
- Stellate neurons with multiple short dendrites and a single long axon, found in sympathetic ganglia and anterior horn cells.
- Pyramidal neurons with a pyramidal shape, multiple dendrites, and a single axon, found in the cerebral cortex.
- Pyriform neurons with a flask shape, multiple dendrites, and a single axon, found in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum.

Ganglia

A ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system.

Types of Ganglia

Cerebro-spinal ganglia:
- Located in cranial and spinal sensory nerves.
- Structure: thick CT capsule surrounds each ganglion, with pseudo-unipolar neurons arranged in groups or rows, surrounded by satellite cells, and thickly myelinated nerve fibers.
- Synapses: absent.
Autonomic ganglia:
- Located along sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
- Structure: thin capsule, with stellate multipolar neurons, surrounded by few satellite cells, and unmyelinated nerve fibers.
- Synapses: present.

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Description

Learn about the characteristics, structure, and functions of nervous tissue, including the central and peripheral nervous systems, nerve cells, and neuroglia.