Nervous Tissue Anatomy and Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the basic division of the nervous system?

  • Central nervous system and autonomic nervous system
  • Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (correct)
  • Central nervous system and neuromuscular system
  • Central nervous system and peripheral circulatory system
  • What is the typical shape of the nerve cell bodies in autonomic ganglia?

  • Pseudo unipolar
  • Bipolar
  • Stellate multipolar (correct)
  • Rounded cell body with central nucleus
  • What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous tissue?

  • Nerve processes
  • Nerve cells (correct)
  • Neuroglia
  • Nerve fibers
  • What is the characteristic of the capsule in autonomic ganglia?

    <p>Thin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of dendrites in a nerve cell?

    <p>They conduct nerve impulses towards the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of the axon?

    <p>It is single, thin and long</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of the cell body of a nerve cell?

    <p>It has a large rounded central pale nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of nerve cells in autonomic ganglia?

    <p>Scattered and equal in size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is present in the cytoplasm of the cell body?

    <p>RER, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and neurotubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of synapses in autonomic ganglia?

    <p>Present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the mature nerve cell?

    <p>It has no centrosome, so it cannot divide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nerve fibers are present in autonomic ganglia?

    <p>Thin and non-myelinated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are autonomic ganglia typically located?

    <p>Along sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cover the axon?

    <p>Myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the cell body of a bipolar neuron?

    <p>Fusiform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron has a single long axon and multiple short dendrites?

    <p>Stellate neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nerve fiber in spinal ganglia?

    <p>To conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a pseudo-unipolar neuron?

    <p>It has a rounded cell body with one process that divides into two branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of cerebro-spinal ganglia?

    <p>In the cranial and spinal sensory nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a pyramidal neuron?

    <p>It has a pyramidal shape with multiple dendrites and a single axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of a ganglion?

    <p>A collection of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the nerve cell bodies in spinal ganglia?

    <p>They are pseudo-unipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous Tissue

    • Nervous tissue is one of the basic tissues of the body, dividing anatomically into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves and ganglia).
    • Histologically, it divides into nerve cells (neurons) and neuroglia.

    Structure of Nerve Cells (Neurons)

    • A nerve cell (neuron) is the structural and functional unit of nervous tissue, consisting of a cell body (perikaryon), nerve processes (axon and dendrites), and cell inclusions.

    Cell Body (Perikaryon)

    • The cell body contains a large, rounded central pale nucleus with a prominent nucleolus.
    • Cytoplasm contains RER, scattered basophilic bodies (Nissl's granules), Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, SER, neurotubules, and neurofilaments.
    • The mature nerve cell has no centrosome, so it cannot divide.

    Dendrites

    • Dendrites are multiple, short, and thick processes branching along their course.
    • They have irregular surfaces and diameters.
    • Dendrites conduct nerve impulses towards the cell body and contain all organelles except Golgi, including Nissl granules.

    Axon

    • The axon is a single, thin, and long process of the cell body.
    • It has a regular surface and diameter.
    • The axon branches at its terminal end, forming axon terminals.
    • Its cytoplasm contains most organelles, but no Golgi or Nissl granules.
    • The axon may be covered by a myelin sheath and transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body.

    Types of Neurons

    • Unipolar neurons have one process, found in invertebrates.
    • Pseudo-unipolar neurons have one process that divides into two branches, found in cells of spinal ganglia.
    • Bipolar neurons have a fusiform cell body with two processes, one acting as an axon and the other as a dendrite, found in the olfactory epithelium, retina, and inner ear.
    • Multipolar neurons can be:
      • Stellate neurons with multiple short dendrites and a single long axon, found in sympathetic ganglia and anterior horn cells.
      • Pyramidal neurons with a pyramidal shape, multiple dendrites, and a single axon, found in the cerebral cortex.
      • Pyriform neurons with a flask shape, multiple dendrites, and a single axon, found in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum.

    Ganglia

    • A ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system.

    Types of Ganglia

    • Cerebro-spinal ganglia:
      • Located in cranial and spinal sensory nerves.
      • Structure: thick CT capsule surrounds each ganglion, with pseudo-unipolar neurons arranged in groups or rows, surrounded by satellite cells, and thickly myelinated nerve fibers.
      • Synapses: absent.
    • Autonomic ganglia:
      • Located along sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
      • Structure: thin capsule, with stellate multipolar neurons, surrounded by few satellite cells, and unmyelinated nerve fibers.
      • Synapses: present.

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    Description

    Learn about the characteristics, structure, and functions of nervous tissue, including the central and peripheral nervous systems, nerve cells, and neuroglia.

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