Anatomy of the Central Nervous System

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system?

To protect the brain from mechanical injuries

To cushion the delicate brain tissue (correct)

To regulate the body's temperature

To provide nutrients to the brain tissue

Which structure is responsible for secreting cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles?

Pia mater

Cerebral hemispheres

Choroid plexus (correct)

Meninges

What is the main function of the pia mater in the central nervous system?

To adhere to the surface of the brain and spinal cord (correct)

To regulate blood pressure

To secrete cerebrospinal fluid

To protect the brain from infections

What is the main purpose of the meninges in the central nervous system?

To cushion and protect the delicate brain tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the central nervous system?

Coccygeal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ventricles in the central nervous system?

To store cerebrospinal fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between associative and nonassociative learning?

Associative learning involves multiple stimuli, while nonassociative learning involves a single stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of short-term memory?

To process and retain information temporarily Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory is responsible for storing vast amounts of information?

Long-term memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called that converts short-term memory into long-term memory?

Consolidation Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of nonassociative learning that involves filtering out background stimuli?

Habituation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory is divided into reflexive and declarative memory?

Long-term memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability to retain and recall information?

Memory Signup and view all the answers

Where are memories stored in the brain?

Cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the amygdala in the limbic system?

Emotion and memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cingulate gyrus in the limbic system?

Playing a role in emotion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hippocampus in the limbic system?

Learning and memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the brain's response to sensory input from the internal and external environments?

It integrating and processes the information, and if appropriate, creates a response Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cognitive system in the brain?

It initiates voluntary responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cerebral cortex in the brain?

It serves as an integrating center for sensory information and decision-making region for many types of motor output Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the behavioral state system in the brain?

It governs sleep-wake cycles and other intrinsic behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thalamus in the brain?

The information is not provided in the passage Signup and view all the answers

Where is the brain area active in seeing words located?

Occipital lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the combination of experience and inheritance that creates a unique pattern of neuronal connections in our brains?

Personality Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following brain areas is involved in language processing during speaking?

Broca's area Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of schizophrenia according to the text?

Both genetic and environmental Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the brain area shown in red-yellow in the PET scan?

Language processing Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of malfunctioning neuronal circuits in the brain?

Depression and schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between experience and inheritance in shaping our brains?

Combination of experience and inheritance Signup and view all the answers

Which brain area is involved in language processing during hearing?

Wernicke's area Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hippocampus in humans?

Facilitating learning and memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to remember new information?

Anterograde amnesia Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is responsible for processing language skills?

Cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the combination of different sounds to form words?

Vocalization Signup and view all the answers

Which area is responsible for receptive aphasia when damaged?

Wernicke's area Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the combination of words into grammatically correct and meaningful sentences?

Grammar formation Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is responsible for integrating spoken language?

Frontal and parietal lobes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to express oneself through speech due to brain damage?

Expressive aphasia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Central Nervous System

The brain floats in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secreted by the choroid plexus in the ventricles.
Pia mater adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.
The meninges and extracellular fluid cushion the delicate brain tissue.

Brain Function

Brain follows a basic reflex pathway: receives sensory input, integrates and processes the information, and creates a response if appropriate.
Brain generates information and output signals in the absence of external output.
An approach to modelling brain function involves three systems that influence output by the motor systems of the body: sensory system, cognitive systems, and behavioral state system.

Cerebral Cortex

The cerebral cortex serves as an integrating center for sensory information and decision-making region for many types of motor output.
The cerebral cortex can be divided into three specializations: sensory, motor, and association areas.

Learning and Memory

Learning has two broad types: associative learning and nonassociative learning.
Memory is the ability to retain and recall information.
Memories are stored throughout the cerebral cortex in pathways known as memory traces.
Several types of memories: short-term, long-term, reflexive, and declarative.
Processing of different memory takes place through different pathways.

Hippocampus

In humans, the hippocampus is important in both learning and memory.
Patients with part of destroyed hippocampus can have epilepsy and trouble with remembering new information.
Anterograde amnesia is the inability to remember new information.
Memory loss in the elderly can be caused by dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Language

Language skills require the input of sensory information, processing in various centers in the cerebral cortex, and the coordination of motor output for vocalization and writing.
Most people, the center of language ability is in the left hemisphere.
The ability to communicate through speech has two processes: the combination of different sounds to form words and the combination of words into grammatically correct and meaningful sentences.
Integration of spoken language involves two regions in the cerebral cortex: Wernicke's area and Broca's area.

Personality

Personality is a combination of attributes that are influenced by experience and inheritance.
What we learn or experience and what we store in memory create a unique pattern of neuronal connections in our brains.
Sometimes, these circuits malfunction, creating depression, schizophrenia, and other disorders.
Schizophrenia has both genetic and environmental basis.

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Description

This quiz covers the structure and function of the central nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid. Learn about the pia mater, choroid plexus, and ventricles.