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Questions and Answers
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system?
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system?
- To protect the brain from mechanical injuries
- To cushion the delicate brain tissue (correct)
- To regulate the body's temperature
- To provide nutrients to the brain tissue
Which structure is responsible for secreting cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles?
Which structure is responsible for secreting cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles?
- Pia mater
- Cerebral hemispheres
- Choroid plexus (correct)
- Meninges
What is the main function of the pia mater in the central nervous system?
What is the main function of the pia mater in the central nervous system?
- To adhere to the surface of the brain and spinal cord (correct)
- To regulate blood pressure
- To secrete cerebrospinal fluid
- To protect the brain from infections
What is the main purpose of the meninges in the central nervous system?
What is the main purpose of the meninges in the central nervous system?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the central nervous system?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the central nervous system?
What is the purpose of the ventricles in the central nervous system?
What is the purpose of the ventricles in the central nervous system?
What is the main difference between associative and nonassociative learning?
What is the main difference between associative and nonassociative learning?
What is the primary function of short-term memory?
What is the primary function of short-term memory?
Which type of memory is responsible for storing vast amounts of information?
Which type of memory is responsible for storing vast amounts of information?
What is the process called that converts short-term memory into long-term memory?
What is the process called that converts short-term memory into long-term memory?
What is the type of nonassociative learning that involves filtering out background stimuli?
What is the type of nonassociative learning that involves filtering out background stimuli?
Which type of memory is divided into reflexive and declarative memory?
Which type of memory is divided into reflexive and declarative memory?
What is the term for the ability to retain and recall information?
What is the term for the ability to retain and recall information?
Where are memories stored in the brain?
Where are memories stored in the brain?
What is the primary function of the amygdala in the limbic system?
What is the primary function of the amygdala in the limbic system?
What is the role of the cingulate gyrus in the limbic system?
What is the role of the cingulate gyrus in the limbic system?
What is the primary function of the hippocampus in the limbic system?
What is the primary function of the hippocampus in the limbic system?
What is the brain's response to sensory input from the internal and external environments?
What is the brain's response to sensory input from the internal and external environments?
What is the role of the cognitive system in the brain?
What is the role of the cognitive system in the brain?
What is the primary function of the cerebral cortex in the brain?
What is the primary function of the cerebral cortex in the brain?
What is the role of the behavioral state system in the brain?
What is the role of the behavioral state system in the brain?
What is the primary function of the thalamus in the brain?
What is the primary function of the thalamus in the brain?
Where is the brain area active in seeing words located?
Where is the brain area active in seeing words located?
What is the combination of experience and inheritance that creates a unique pattern of neuronal connections in our brains?
What is the combination of experience and inheritance that creates a unique pattern of neuronal connections in our brains?
Which of the following brain areas is involved in language processing during speaking?
Which of the following brain areas is involved in language processing during speaking?
What is the basis of schizophrenia according to the text?
What is the basis of schizophrenia according to the text?
What is the function of the brain area shown in red-yellow in the PET scan?
What is the function of the brain area shown in red-yellow in the PET scan?
What is the result of malfunctioning neuronal circuits in the brain?
What is the result of malfunctioning neuronal circuits in the brain?
What is the relationship between experience and inheritance in shaping our brains?
What is the relationship between experience and inheritance in shaping our brains?
Which brain area is involved in language processing during hearing?
Which brain area is involved in language processing during hearing?
What is the primary function of the hippocampus in humans?
What is the primary function of the hippocampus in humans?
What is the term for the inability to remember new information?
What is the term for the inability to remember new information?
Which brain region is responsible for processing language skills?
Which brain region is responsible for processing language skills?
What is the term for the combination of different sounds to form words?
What is the term for the combination of different sounds to form words?
Which area is responsible for receptive aphasia when damaged?
Which area is responsible for receptive aphasia when damaged?
What is the term for the combination of words into grammatically correct and meaningful sentences?
What is the term for the combination of words into grammatically correct and meaningful sentences?
Which brain region is responsible for integrating spoken language?
Which brain region is responsible for integrating spoken language?
What is the term for the inability to express oneself through speech due to brain damage?
What is the term for the inability to express oneself through speech due to brain damage?
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Study Notes
The Central Nervous System
- The brain floats in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secreted by the choroid plexus in the ventricles.
- Pia mater adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.
- The meninges and extracellular fluid cushion the delicate brain tissue.
Brain Function
- Brain follows a basic reflex pathway: receives sensory input, integrates and processes the information, and creates a response if appropriate.
- Brain generates information and output signals in the absence of external output.
- An approach to modelling brain function involves three systems that influence output by the motor systems of the body: sensory system, cognitive systems, and behavioral state system.
Cerebral Cortex
- The cerebral cortex serves as an integrating center for sensory information and decision-making region for many types of motor output.
- The cerebral cortex can be divided into three specializations: sensory, motor, and association areas.
Learning and Memory
- Learning has two broad types: associative learning and nonassociative learning.
- Memory is the ability to retain and recall information.
- Memories are stored throughout the cerebral cortex in pathways known as memory traces.
- Several types of memories: short-term, long-term, reflexive, and declarative.
- Processing of different memory takes place through different pathways.
Hippocampus
- In humans, the hippocampus is important in both learning and memory.
- Patients with part of destroyed hippocampus can have epilepsy and trouble with remembering new information.
- Anterograde amnesia is the inability to remember new information.
- Memory loss in the elderly can be caused by dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Language
- Language skills require the input of sensory information, processing in various centers in the cerebral cortex, and the coordination of motor output for vocalization and writing.
- Most people, the center of language ability is in the left hemisphere.
- The ability to communicate through speech has two processes: the combination of different sounds to form words and the combination of words into grammatically correct and meaningful sentences.
- Integration of spoken language involves two regions in the cerebral cortex: Wernicke's area and Broca's area.
Personality
- Personality is a combination of attributes that are influenced by experience and inheritance.
- What we learn or experience and what we store in memory create a unique pattern of neuronal connections in our brains.
- Sometimes, these circuits malfunction, creating depression, schizophrenia, and other disorders.
- Schizophrenia has both genetic and environmental basis.
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