Nervous System Subdivisions and Functions

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Which of the following is a subdivision of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Somatic Nervous System (SNS) (correct)

Enteric Nervous System (ENS)

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

What is the function of ganglia in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

To transmit impulses directly to muscles

To regulate blood pressure

To act as relay stations to transmit impulses (correct)

To produce neurotransmitters

What type of muscle is affected by the Somatic Nervous System (SNS)?

Skeletal muscle (correct)

Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle

Visceral muscle

What is the main component of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Peripheral nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acetylcholine on nicotinic (N1) receptors?

Excitatory Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of myelinated fibers?

They are heavily myelinated Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neurons in the nervous system?

To transmit nerve impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the loose connective tissue that surrounds nerve fibers?

Endoneurium Signup and view all the answers

What is the central portion of a neuron called?

Perikaryon Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neuroglial cells in the nervous system?

To provide structural support to neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the nerve fibers that are responsible for transmitting nerve impulses?

Neurites Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the nucleus in a neuron?

Spherical to ovoid Signup and view all the answers

What type of neuron is found in sensory ganglia?

Pseudo-unipolar neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?

To regulate heart rate and digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the enteric nervous system?

To control GI tract independently of ANS and CNS Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the somatic nervous system?

To control voluntary muscle movements Signup and view all the answers

What type of ganglia is associated with the cranial nerve?

Cranial ganglia Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the perineurium?

To prevent damage by overstretching Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell body, also called the soma, in a neuron?

To act as the control center of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the axon of a neuron?

It is a single process that can be up to 100 cm long Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glial cells in the nervous system?

To brace and protect the fragile neuron cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cytoplasm in a neuron?

It has an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum and polyribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microglial cells in the nervous system?

To act as phagocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of dendrites in a neuron?

They are multiple, elongated processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of astrocytes in the nervous system?

To form the blood-brain barrier Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glial cells is responsible for the formation of myelin sheath in the CNS?

Oligodendrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of brain tumors?

Glial cells that are mitotically active throughout life Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the neurilemma?

To contain the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm of the Schwann cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the lack of myelination in infants with Tay-Sachs disease?

Disruption of nerve conduction leading to blindness, loss of coordination, and dementia Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of myelination in the CNS?

Oligodendrocytes myelinate multiple nerve fibers in their immediate vicinity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neuroglial cells in brain tumors?

They are the primary source of brain tumors Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of regeneration in the CNS?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of growth factors in neurogenesis?

They stimulate the growth of new neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the discovery of neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus?

It suggests that the CNS has some ability for regeneration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of kinesin motor proteins in axonal transport?

To carry materials down the axon away from the soma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the CNS?

To form the myelin sheath in the CNS Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microglia in the CNS?

To perform a complete checkup on the brain tissue and phagocytize cellular debris Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of astrocytes in the CNS?

To form a supportive framework of nervous tissue and supply lactate to neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

To form the epithelial membrane lining cerebral cavities Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of materials up the axon towards the soma?

Retrograde transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dynein motor proteins in axonal transport?

To carry materials up the axon towards the soma Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which astrocytes form hardened scar tissue and fill the space formerly occupied by a damaged neuron?

Astrocyte sclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neuroglial cells in the nervous system?

To support and protect neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of axonal transport in the nervous system?

To transport proteins, organelles, and other materials along the axon Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of axonal transport in the nervous system?

To transport proteins, organelles, and other materials along the axon Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of microglial cells in the nervous system?

To phagocytize cellular debris Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of astrocytes in the CNS?

To cover the entire brain surface and most nonsynaptic regions of neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of materials down the axon away from the soma?

Anterograde transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the CNS?

To form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of kinesin motor proteins?

To move materials in anterograde transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which astrocytes form hardened scar tissue and fill the space formerly occupied by a damaged neuron?

Sclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

To form epithelial membrane lining cerebral cavities and central canal Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of dynein motor proteins in axonal transport?

To move materials in retrograde transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the two-way passage of proteins, organelles, and other materials along an axon?

Axonal transport Signup and view all the answers

Nervous System Subdivisions and Functions

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a subdivision of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

What is the function of ganglia in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

What type of muscle is affected by the Somatic Nervous System (SNS)?

What is the main component of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

What is the effect of acetylcholine on nicotinic (N1) receptors?

What is the characteristic of myelinated fibers?

What is the primary function of neurons in the nervous system?

What is the term for the loose connective tissue that surrounds nerve fibers?

What is the central portion of a neuron called?

What is the function of neuroglial cells in the nervous system?

What is the term for the nerve fibers that are responsible for transmitting nerve impulses?

What is the shape of the nucleus in a neuron?

What type of neuron is found in sensory ganglia?

What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?

What is the function of the enteric nervous system?

What is the main function of the somatic nervous system?

What type of ganglia is associated with the cranial nerve?

What is the function of the perineurium?

What is the primary function of the cell body, also called the soma, in a neuron?

What is unique about the axon of a neuron?

What is the function of glial cells in the nervous system?

What is the characteristic of the cytoplasm in a neuron?

What is the function of microglial cells in the nervous system?

What is the main characteristic of dendrites in a neuron?

What is the primary function of astrocytes in the nervous system?

Which type of glial cells is responsible for the formation of myelin sheath in the CNS?

What is the primary cause of brain tumors?

What is the function of the neurilemma?

What is the effect of the lack of myelination in infants with Tay-Sachs disease?

What is the characteristic of myelination in the CNS?

What is the role of neuroglial cells in brain tumors?

What is the limitation of regeneration in the CNS?

What is the role of growth factors in neurogenesis?

What is the significance of the discovery of neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus?

What is the primary function of kinesin motor proteins in axonal transport?

What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the CNS?

What is the primary function of microglia in the CNS?

What is the primary function of astrocytes in the CNS?

What is the primary function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

What is the term for the movement of materials up the axon towards the soma?

What is the primary function of dynein motor proteins in axonal transport?

What is the term for the process by which astrocytes form hardened scar tissue and fill the space formerly occupied by a damaged neuron?

What is the primary function of neuroglial cells in the nervous system?

What is the primary function of axonal transport in the nervous system?

What is the primary function of axonal transport in the nervous system?

What is the role of microglial cells in the nervous system?

What is the primary function of astrocytes in the CNS?

What is the term for the movement of materials down the axon away from the soma?

What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the CNS?

What is the primary function of kinesin motor proteins?

What is the term for the process by which astrocytes form hardened scar tissue and fill the space formerly occupied by a damaged neuron?

What is the primary function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

What is the role of dynein motor proteins in axonal transport?

What is the term for the two-way passage of proteins, organelles, and other materials along an axon?

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