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Questions and Answers
What are bundles of nerve fibers in the central nervous system commonly referred to as?
What are bundles of nerve fibers in the central nervous system commonly referred to as?
What type of neuron has an axon and a single dendrite?
What type of neuron has an axon and a single dendrite?
Which type of neuron is associated with olfactory epithelium?
Which type of neuron is associated with olfactory epithelium?
Which type of neuron is characterized by having many dendrites?
Which type of neuron is characterized by having many dendrites?
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Which of the following neurons has a fused dendrite and a single axon?
Which of the following neurons has a fused dendrite and a single axon?
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The afferent portion of a nerve cell is primarily associated with which type of structure?
The afferent portion of a nerve cell is primarily associated with which type of structure?
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Trigeminal ganglia are associated with which type of neuron?
Trigeminal ganglia are associated with which type of neuron?
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Which structural type of neuron is most commonly found as an interneuron or association neuron?
Which structural type of neuron is most commonly found as an interneuron or association neuron?
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In terms of structure, how do unipolar neurons primarily differ from bipolar neurons?
In terms of structure, how do unipolar neurons primarily differ from bipolar neurons?
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Which structure is located behind the midbrain and is known to be enveloped by the midbrain in adults?
Which structure is located behind the midbrain and is known to be enveloped by the midbrain in adults?
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What physiological change occurs due to the opening of sodium channels during depolarization?
What physiological change occurs due to the opening of sodium channels during depolarization?
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Which of the following statements about depolarization is accurate?
Which of the following statements about depolarization is accurate?
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What is the consequence of sodium ions diffusing into the neuron’s cytoplasm?
What is the consequence of sodium ions diffusing into the neuron’s cytoplasm?
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Which ventricle is specifically involved in ventricle communication by way of the Foramen of Monroe?
Which ventricle is specifically involved in ventricle communication by way of the Foramen of Monroe?
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What role do calcium channels play during neuronal excitation?
What role do calcium channels play during neuronal excitation?
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During action potentials, where does the depolarization primarily occur?
During action potentials, where does the depolarization primarily occur?
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What is the initial trigger for the process of depolarization in a neuron?
What is the initial trigger for the process of depolarization in a neuron?
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What structure informs the connection between the lateral and third ventricles?
What structure informs the connection between the lateral and third ventricles?
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What results from the rapid change in membrane permeability during depolarization?
What results from the rapid change in membrane permeability during depolarization?
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What happens to branches of a neuron if the perikaryon survives but is separated from its perikaryon?
What happens to branches of a neuron if the perikaryon survives but is separated from its perikaryon?
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What inhibits the regeneration of CNS nerve fibers following injury?
What inhibits the regeneration of CNS nerve fibers following injury?
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Which neurotransmitter is classified as inhibitory?
Which neurotransmitter is classified as inhibitory?
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What type of synapse is most commonly observed between neurons?
What type of synapse is most commonly observed between neurons?
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Which process occurs during ionic impulse transmission between neurons?
Which process occurs during ionic impulse transmission between neurons?
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Why is the regeneration of injured CNS nerve fibers not possible?
Why is the regeneration of injured CNS nerve fibers not possible?
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What structure in a neuron marks the site where an action potential originates?
What structure in a neuron marks the site where an action potential originates?
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What characteristic is NOT associated with Golgi type II cells?
What characteristic is NOT associated with Golgi type II cells?
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Under normal conditions, where does an action potential NOT originate?
Under normal conditions, where does an action potential NOT originate?
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Which sensory perception is NOT primarily somatosensory?
Which sensory perception is NOT primarily somatosensory?
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True cross sections of mature myelinated nerve fibers show myelin that is characterized by:
True cross sections of mature myelinated nerve fibers show myelin that is characterized by:
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Which structure of the neuron is the first 50 to 100 micrometers of the axon?
Which structure of the neuron is the first 50 to 100 micrometers of the axon?
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The statement about action potentials originating at the cell body plasma membrane is:
The statement about action potentials originating at the cell body plasma membrane is:
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Which of the following components is primarily involved in sensory reception of pain?
Which of the following components is primarily involved in sensory reception of pain?
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Golgi type II neurons can be described with which attribute?
Golgi type II neurons can be described with which attribute?
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Which of these statements about the axon hillock is accurate?
Which of these statements about the axon hillock is accurate?
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What is the primary function of pseudounipolar neurons?
What is the primary function of pseudounipolar neurons?
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Which structures are classified as fiber tracts within the central nervous system?
Which structures are classified as fiber tracts within the central nervous system?
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What is primarily found within gray matter?
What is primarily found within gray matter?
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Which term correctly describes the cell bodies of primary sensory neurons?
Which term correctly describes the cell bodies of primary sensory neurons?
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The dorsal root ganglion is primarily associated with which of the following?
The dorsal root ganglion is primarily associated with which of the following?
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Which structure is comprised of the cell body of a neuron?
Which structure is comprised of the cell body of a neuron?
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What type of neuron is primarily involved in modulation during sensory processing?
What type of neuron is primarily involved in modulation during sensory processing?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of axons?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of axons?
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What forms the basis of the structure commonly referred to as ganglia?
What forms the basis of the structure commonly referred to as ganglia?
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Regions in the CNS with densely packed nerve cell bodies are referred to as what?
Regions in the CNS with densely packed nerve cell bodies are referred to as what?
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Study Notes
Nervous System Structure
- Bundles of nerve fibers in the central nervous system (CNS) are referred to as nerve tracts, while those in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are termed peripheral nerves.
- CNS fibers are organized into nuclei, while PNS fibers are categorized as peripheral nerves.
Types of Neurons
- Bipolar neurons have two distinct processes (one axon and one dendrite); found in the olfactory epithelium and retina.
- Pseudounipolar neurons have one axon that splits into two branches; primarily located in the trigeminal ganglia.
- Multipolar neurons have multiple dendrites; commonly act as interneurons/association neurons.
- Unipolar neurons have a single process acting as an axon but lack traditional dendrites.
Dendrites and Axons
- Dendrites are the afferent portion of a neuron, receiving signals and directing them toward the cell body.
- The soma (cell body) contains the organelles for the neuron. Gray matter consists largely of nerve cell bodies embedded in neuroglia.
Fiber Tracts
- Fiber tracts are bundles of axons within the CNS, particularly found in white matter.
Neural Canals
- The cerebral aqueduct, located behind the midbrain, is important for cerebrospinal fluid flow and development in adults.
Depolarization Mechanism
- Depolarization occurs when sodium channels open, allowing Na ions to enter the neuron, changing membrane permeability.
- Excitation triggers a rapid influx of sodium ions, leading to membrane depolarization.
- Action potentials are generated at the axon hillock, the most excitable region of the axon.
Somatosensory System
- Touch and pain are part of the somatosensory system. Smell and taste are exceptions as they do not fit traditional sensory receptor pathways.
Golgi Type II Cells
- Golgi type II cells are generally characterized by having projection fibers; they are anaxonic, meaning they do not have a distinct axon.
Neuronal Regeneration
- In the CNS, regeneration of nerve fibers (axon tracts) is limited. If separated from the perikaryon (cell body), parts of the neuron may die. The presence of specific proteins in CNS myelin inhibits regeneration.
Neurotransmitters
- GABA is known as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, influencing neuron signaling and plasticity.
Synaptic Types
- Axodendritic synapses are the most common type, where one neuron's axon connects to another neuron’s dendrite, facilitating communication between neurons.
Ionic Impulse Transmission
- Ionic impulse transmission refers to the electrical signaling process occurring within neurons, essential for communication in the nervous system.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structure of the nervous system and the types of neurons. This quiz covers the organization of nerve fibers in the CNS and PNS, as well as detailed characteristics of different neuron types. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand these fundamental concepts!
