Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which part of the nervous system encompasses nerves outside the brain and spinal cord?
Which part of the nervous system encompasses nerves outside the brain and spinal cord?
- Microscopic anatomyneuron
- Anatomy of the Brain
- Central nervous system
- Peripheral nervous system (correct)
What are the three basic functions of the nervous system?
What are the three basic functions of the nervous system?
- Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, Microscopic Anatomyneuron
- Anatomy of the Brain, Sensory Function, Motor Function
- Sympathetic Function, Parasympathetic Function, Cranial Nerves
- Sensory Function, Integrating Function, Motor Function (correct)
What is the role of the nervous system in the body?
What is the role of the nervous system in the body?
- Communication & control system
- Monitors what is going on inside & outside of the body
- Directing the bodies activities to correspond
- All of the above (correct)
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and endocrine glands?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and endocrine glands?
What is the function of neurons in the nervous system?
What is the function of neurons in the nervous system?
What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?
What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response?
What is the anatomy of the nervous system?
What is the anatomy of the nervous system?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the rest and restore response?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the rest and restore response?
Why is it necessary to begin CPR soon after cardiac arrest
Why is it necessary to begin CPR soon after cardiac arrest
Which system generally has an excitatory effect, increasing heart rate and dilating pupils?
Which system generally has an excitatory effect, increasing heart rate and dilating pupils?
What are the structural components of neurons?
What are the structural components of neurons?
Which system helps the body replace its losses during the fight or flight response, increasing GI motility and decreasing heart rate?
Which system helps the body replace its losses during the fight or flight response, increasing GI motility and decreasing heart rate?
What is the role of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
What is the role of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for contraction of the intestines and regulation of the heart rate and blood pressure?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for contraction of the intestines and regulation of the heart rate and blood pressure?
Which two systems generally have opposite effects?
Which two systems generally have opposite effects?
What is the function of cranial nerves in the nervous system?
What is the function of cranial nerves in the nervous system?
Which nerves emerge from the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?
Which nerves emerge from the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?
Which nerves emerge from the brain and spinal cord?
Which nerves emerge from the brain and spinal cord?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending nerves that come from the brain and leave the cranium through the numerous foramen?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending nerves that come from the brain and leave the cranium through the numerous foramen?
Which part of a neuron is responsible for initiating nerve impulses to the muscles?
Which part of a neuron is responsible for initiating nerve impulses to the muscles?
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
Which of the following is an example of a neurotransmitter?
Which of the following is an example of a neurotransmitter?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary control of bodily functions?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary control of bodily functions?
Which section of the brain is responsible for receiving and interpreting sensory information?
Which section of the brain is responsible for receiving and interpreting sensory information?
Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for processing visual information?
Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for processing visual information?
What is the function of the cerebellum?
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Which structure is associated with the diencephalon and is responsible for regulating body temperature and hunger?
Which structure is associated with the diencephalon and is responsible for regulating body temperature and hunger?
What is the function of the brain stem?
What is the function of the brain stem?
What is the role of the meninges in the central nervous system?
What is the role of the meninges in the central nervous system?
Which sense is responsible for detecting changes in skin temperature?
Which sense is responsible for detecting changes in skin temperature?
Which sense is responsible for detecting intense stimuli of any type?
Which sense is responsible for detecting intense stimuli of any type?
Which sense is responsible for detecting body position and movement?
Which sense is responsible for detecting body position and movement?
Which sense is responsible for detecting taste?
Which sense is responsible for detecting taste?
Which sense is responsible for detecting smell?
Which sense is responsible for detecting smell?
Which sense is responsible for converting vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses?
Which sense is responsible for converting vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses?
What are the visceral senses?
What are the visceral senses?
What is the difference between superficial and central temperature sensors?
What is the difference between superficial and central temperature sensors?
What is nociception?
What is nociception?
What is the structure of taste buds?
What is the structure of taste buds?
What are the special senses?
What are the special senses?
Which part of the ear acts as a funnel to collect sound wave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum?
Which part of the ear acts as a funnel to collect sound wave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum?
What is the function of the middle ear?
What is the function of the middle ear?
What are the three ossicles in the middle ear?
What are the three ossicles in the middle ear?
Where are the equilibrium receptors located in the inner ear?
Where are the equilibrium receptors located in the inner ear?
What causes the tectorial membrane and the hair cells of the organ of Corti to rub against each other?
What causes the tectorial membrane and the hair cells of the organ of Corti to rub against each other?
What is proprioception?
What is proprioception?
Which one of these is NOT a component of the conjunctiva?
Which one of these is NOT a component of the conjunctiva?
Where is the nictitating membrane located in domestic animals?
Where is the nictitating membrane located in domestic animals?
What do the tarsal glands produce?
What do the tarsal glands produce?
What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus?
What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus?
What is the name of the space between the bulbar and palpebral portions of the conjunctiva?
What is the name of the space between the bulbar and palpebral portions of the conjunctiva?
Where are the lateral and medial canthus located?
Where are the lateral and medial canthus located?
Which layer of the eye contains the photoreceptors that detect the image and generate visual nerve impulses?
Which layer of the eye contains the photoreceptors that detect the image and generate visual nerve impulses?
What is the function of the iris in the eye?
What is the function of the iris in the eye?
What is the purpose of the vitreous humor in the eye?
What is the purpose of the vitreous humor in the eye?
Which layer of the retina contains the sensory receptors for vision, the rods and cones?
Which layer of the retina contains the sensory receptors for vision, the rods and cones?
What is the function of the lens in the eye?
What is the function of the lens in the eye?
Which cells in the retina are more sensitive to light and are responsible for night vision?
Which cells in the retina are more sensitive to light and are responsible for night vision?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending nerves that come from the brain and leave the cranium through the numerous foramen?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending nerves that come from the brain and leave the cranium through the numerous foramen?
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
What is the role of the meninges in the central nervous system?
What is the role of the meninges in the central nervous system?
Which sense is responsible for converting vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses?
Which sense is responsible for converting vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses?
What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?
What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?
Which one of these is NOT a component of the conjunctiva?
Which one of these is NOT a component of the conjunctiva?
Which part of the ear acts as a funnel to collect sound wave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum?
Which part of the ear acts as a funnel to collect sound wave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum?
What type of system is the nervous system
What type of system is the nervous system
Characteristics of the CNS
Characteristics of the CNS
Cordlike nerves that link the CNS from the rest of the body
Cordlike nerves that link the CNS from the rest of the body
Makes up the Brain and spinal cord
Makes up the Brain and spinal cord
Functional unit of the nervous system
Functional unit of the nervous system
What organs is the the CNS composed of
What organs is the the CNS composed of
Is the PNS somatic or autonomic
Is the PNS somatic or autonomic
4 parts of the brain are
4 parts of the brain are
Largest component of the brain
Largest component of the brain
Receives and interprets sensory information
Receives and interprets sensory information
Initiates conscious nerve impulses to the skeletal muscles
Initiates conscious nerve impulses to the skeletal muscles
Integrates neuron activity normally associated with conscious activity
Integrates neuron activity normally associated with conscious activity
Allows body to have coordinated movement, balance, posture, and complex reflexes
Allows body to have coordinated movement, balance, posture, and complex reflexes
Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating movement, balance, and posture?
Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating movement, balance, and posture?
What is the pathway between the brain stem and cerebrum called?
What is the pathway between the brain stem and cerebrum called?
Parts of the diencephalon
Parts of the diencephalon
What are the three layers of connective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord called?
What are the three layers of connective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord called?
Connection between the rest of the brain and the spinal cord
Connection between the rest of the brain and the spinal cord
Parts of the brainstem
Parts of the brainstem
Involved in autonomic control functions related to heart, respiration, blood vessel diameter, swallowing, and vomiting
Involved in autonomic control functions related to heart, respiration, blood vessel diameter, swallowing, and vomiting
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of the spinal cord
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of the spinal cord
Increases breathing, increases heart rate, decreases GI secretions, dilates pupil
Increases breathing, increases heart rate, decreases GI secretions, dilates pupil
General types of stimuli that can trigger a response from sensory receptors
General types of stimuli that can trigger a response from sensory receptors
Which fluid helps protect the brain and spinal cord?
Which fluid helps protect the brain and spinal cord?
What section of the brain is divided into halves and lobes?
What section of the brain is divided into halves and lobes?
Sensation of hunger and thirst
Sensation of hunger and thirst
Located in the hypothalamus
Located in the hypothalamus
Which section of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?
Which section of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?
Can activate mechanisms of sweating or piloerection to to correct hypothermia or hyperthermia
Can activate mechanisms of sweating or piloerection to to correct hypothermia or hyperthermia
Taste buds are located in
Taste buds are located in
Which sense is responsible for detecting touch and pressure?
Which sense is responsible for detecting touch and pressure?
Special senses
Special senses
Most structures of the ear are located in the
Most structures of the ear are located in the
Acts as a funnel to collect soundwave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum
Acts as a funnel to collect soundwave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum
Which part of the ear converts vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses?
Which part of the ear converts vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses?
Amplifies and transmits vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear
Amplifies and transmits vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear
Contains 3 small bones called the malleus, incus, and stapes
Contains 3 small bones called the malleus, incus, and stapes
Connects middle ear cavity with the pharynx
Connects middle ear cavity with the pharynx
Equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the tympanic membrane
Equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the tympanic membrane
Made up of structures that contribute to both hearing and equilibrium
Made up of structures that contribute to both hearing and equilibrium
What is the process called by which the shape of the lens is changed to allow close-up and distant vision?
What is the process called by which the shape of the lens is changed to allow close-up and distant vision?
Which structure produces a waxy substance that helps prevent tears from overflowing onto the face?
Which structure produces a waxy substance that helps prevent tears from overflowing onto the face?
Where are the corners where the eyelids come together?
Where are the corners where the eyelids come together?
What is the thin transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball and lines the interior surfaces of the eyelids?
What is the thin transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball and lines the interior surfaces of the eyelids?
Which structure is the third eyelid of domestic animals located medially between the eyelids and eyeball?
Which structure is the third eyelid of domestic animals located medially between the eyelids and eyeball?
Fluid filled portion of the inner ear that contains the receptor organ for hearing
Fluid filled portion of the inner ear that contains the receptor organ for hearing
Major layers of the eyeball
Major layers of the eyeball
Admits light to its interior and gives strength and shape to the eyeball
Admits light to its interior and gives strength and shape to the eyeball
Components of the fibrous layer of the eye
Components of the fibrous layer of the eye
Which bone is attached to the tympanic membrane in the middle ear?
Which bone is attached to the tympanic membrane in the middle ear?
Junction between cornea and sclera
Junction between cornea and sclera
Highly reflective area in the rear of the eye
Highly reflective area in the rear of the eye
Colored part of the eye
Colored part of the eye
Ring shaped structure located immediately behind the iris, contains tiny muscles that adjust the shape of the lens for near and far vision
Ring shaped structure located immediately behind the iris, contains tiny muscles that adjust the shape of the lens for near and far vision
Is the retina and lines the back of the eye
Is the retina and lines the back of the eye
Contains actual sensory receptors for vision (rods and cones)
Contains actual sensory receptors for vision (rods and cones)
Consists of mainly collagen fibers and makes up the majority of the outer fibrous layer
Consists of mainly collagen fibers and makes up the majority of the outer fibrous layer
Flashcards
Nervous System Components
Nervous System Components
The nervous system is composed of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
CNS Function
CNS Function
The central nervous system processes information and initiates responses.
PNS Function
PNS Function
The peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to the rest of the body.
Nervous System Functions
Nervous System Functions
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Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
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Sympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Neuron Function
Neuron Function
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Myelin Sheath
Myelin Sheath
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Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters
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Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerves
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Spinal Nerves
Spinal Nerves
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Cerebellum Function
Cerebellum Function
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Diencephalon Function
Diencephalon Function
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Brainstem Function
Brainstem Function
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Photoreceptors
Photoreceptors
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Rods
Rods
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Cones
Cones
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Meninges
Meninges
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Cerebrospinal Fluid
Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Sudden Cardiac Arrest
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Proprioception
Proprioception
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis
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Mechanoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
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Thermoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
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Study Notes
Nervous System Overview
- Nervous system includes the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- PNS encompasses nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
- CNS is responsible for processing information and initiating responses.
Functions of the Nervous System
- Primary functions include sensory input, integration, and motor output.
- Role in coordinating bodily functions and responses to internal and external stimuli.
- Responsible for involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Main function: integrates sensory information; generates motor commands.
- Composed of the brain and spinal cord.
- Contains structures responsible for higher cognitive functions, sensory processing, and movement coordination.
Autonomic Nervous System
- Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
- Sympathetic division mediates the fight or flight response, increasing heart rate and dilating pupils.
- Parasympathetic division manages the rest and digest response, enhancing GI motility and reducing heart rate.
Neurons and Impulses
- Neurons are the fundamental units, transmitting nerve impulses to muscles and glands.
- Myelin sheath insulates axons, speeding up impulse transmission.
- Neurotransmitters mediate communication across synapses.
Cranial and Spinal Nerves
- Cranial nerves emerge directly from the brain and pass through foramina of the skull.
- Spinal nerves emerge from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
Brain Structure and Function
- The cerebellum coordinates movement, balance, and posture.
- The diencephalon regulates body temperature and hunger.
- The brainstem controls autonomic functions like heart rate and respiration.
Sensory Systems
- Special senses include sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing.
- Photoreceptors in the retina detect light; rods for night vision and cones for color.
- Taste buds and olfactory receptors detect taste and smell stimuli.
Eye Anatomy
- Iris regulates light entry; lens focuses light on the retina.
- Vitreous humor maintains eye shape and clarity.
- Conjunctiva layers provide protection and lubrication.
Ear Anatomy
- Outer ear collects sound waves; middle ear houses ossicles for amplification.
- Equilibrium receptors in the inner ear assist in balance.
- The tectorial membrane stimulates hair cells, converting sound vibrations to nerve impulses.
Protective Structures
- Meninges are three connective tissue layers that protect the brain and spinal cord.
- Cerebrospinal fluid cushions the CNS, providing buoyancy and protection.
Homeostasis and Responses
- Sudden cardiac arrest necessitates immediate CPR to restore blood flow.
- General and visceral senses help detect internal conditions and stimulate reflexive actions.
Additional Information on Temperature Sensors
- Superficial sensors detect external temperatures while central sensors monitor internal body temperature.
- Nociception refers to the sensory process that allows the perception of pain.
Brain Organization
- The brain is divided into lobes, each serving specific functions.
- The hypothalamus manages hunger and thirst sensations, linking to homeostatic regulation.
Sensory Receptors and Skin
- Mechanoreceptors detect touch and pressure; thermoreceptors monitor temperature changes.
- Proprioception refers to the body's awareness of position and movement.
Importance of Timing in Responses
- Quick reactions to sensory stimuli can prevent injury or adapt reflexes to environment changes.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the nervous system's anatomy and functions in this quiz. Explore topics such as the central and peripheral nervous systems, neuron anatomy, cranial nerves, and the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic functions.
