123 Questions
Which part of the nervous system encompasses nerves outside the brain and spinal cord?
Peripheral nervous system
What are the three basic functions of the nervous system?
Sensory Function, Integrating Function, Motor Function
What is the role of the nervous system in the body?
All of the above
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and endocrine glands?
Autonomic Nervous System
What is the function of neurons in the nervous system?
All of the above
What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?
Analyze the information
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response?
Sympathetic
What is the anatomy of the nervous system?
Both central and peripheral nervous systems
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the rest and restore response?
Parasympathetic
Why is it necessary to begin CPR soon after cardiac arrest
Neurons require high O2 levels
Which system generally has an excitatory effect, increasing heart rate and dilating pupils?
Sympathetic Nervous System
What are the structural components of neurons?
Same as other cells
Which system helps the body replace its losses during the fight or flight response, increasing GI motility and decreasing heart rate?
Parasympathetic Nervous System
What is the role of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Link the CNS with the rest of the body
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for contraction of the intestines and regulation of the heart rate and blood pressure?
Autonomic Nervous System
Which two systems generally have opposite effects?
Sympathetic Nervous System and Parasympathetic Nervous System
What is the function of cranial nerves in the nervous system?
Focus on sympathetic and parasympathetic function and effects
Which nerves emerge from the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?
Sympathetic Nervous System
Which nerves emerge from the brain and spinal cord?
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending nerves that come from the brain and leave the cranium through the numerous foramen?
Cranial Nerves
Which part of a neuron is responsible for initiating nerve impulses to the muscles?
Axon
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
To insulate and protect the axon
Which of the following is an example of a neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary control of bodily functions?
Autonomic nervous system
Which section of the brain is responsible for receiving and interpreting sensory information?
Cerebrum
Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for processing visual information?
Occipital lobe
What is the function of the cerebellum?
To allow coordinated movement and balance
Which structure is associated with the diencephalon and is responsible for regulating body temperature and hunger?
Hypothalamus
What is the function of the brain stem?
To control autonomic functions
What is the role of the meninges in the central nervous system?
To provide blood vessels and cushioning
Which sense is responsible for detecting changes in skin temperature?
Touch
Which sense is responsible for detecting intense stimuli of any type?
Nociceptors
Which sense is responsible for detecting body position and movement?
Proprioception
Which sense is responsible for detecting taste?
Gustatory sense
Which sense is responsible for detecting smell?
Olfactory sense
Which sense is responsible for converting vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses?
Auditory sense
What are the visceral senses?
Senses related to internal organs
What is the difference between superficial and central temperature sensors?
Superficial sensors detect external temperature, while central sensors detect internal temperature
What is nociception?
The process of pain perception
What is the structure of taste buds?
Small, rounded structures on the tongue
What are the special senses?
Visceral sensations, touch, temperature, pain and proprioception
Which part of the ear acts as a funnel to collect sound wave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum?
Pinna
What is the function of the middle ear?
Amplifies and transmits vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear
What are the three ossicles in the middle ear?
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Where are the equilibrium receptors located in the inner ear?
Vestibule and semicircular canals
What causes the tectorial membrane and the hair cells of the organ of Corti to rub against each other?
Fluid vibration in the cochlear duct
What is proprioception?
Body position
Which one of these is NOT a component of the conjunctiva?
Space between the bulbar and palpebral portions
Where is the nictitating membrane located in domestic animals?
Between the eyelids and the eyeball
What do the tarsal glands produce?
Waxy substance
What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus?
Produce and secrete tears
What is the name of the space between the bulbar and palpebral portions of the conjunctiva?
Conjunctival sac
Where are the lateral and medial canthus located?
At the corners where the eyelids come together
Which layer of the eye contains the photoreceptors that detect the image and generate visual nerve impulses?
Inner nervous layer
What is the function of the iris in the eye?
Controls amount of light that enters the posterior part of the eyeball
What is the purpose of the vitreous humor in the eye?
To fill the back of the eyeball and maintain its shape
Which layer of the retina contains the sensory receptors for vision, the rods and cones?
Photoreceptor layer
What is the function of the lens in the eye?
To focus a clear image on the retina
Which cells in the retina are more sensitive to light and are responsible for night vision?
Rods
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending nerves that come from the brain and leave the cranium through the numerous foramen?
Peripheral nervous system
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
To insulate and protect nerve fibers
What is the role of the meninges in the central nervous system?
To protect and cushion the brain and spinal cord
Which sense is responsible for converting vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses?
Hearing
What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?
To coordinate and control the activities of the body
Which one of these is NOT a component of the conjunctiva?
Lacrimal gland
Which part of the ear acts as a funnel to collect sound wave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum?
Pinna
What type of system is the nervous system
Both A and B
Characteristics of the CNS
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
Cordlike nerves that link the CNS from the rest of the body
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Makes up the Brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Functional unit of the nervous system
Neurons
What organs is the the CNS composed of
Brain and spinal cord
Is the PNS somatic or autonomic
Both somatic and autonomic
4 parts of the brain are
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Brainstem
Largest component of the brain
Cerebrum
Receives and interprets sensory information
Cerebrum
Initiates conscious nerve impulses to the skeletal muscles
Cerebrum
Integrates neuron activity normally associated with conscious activity
Cerebrum
Allows body to have coordinated movement, balance, posture, and complex reflexes
Cerebellum
Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating movement, balance, and posture?
Cerebellum
What is the pathway between the brain stem and cerebrum called?
Diencephalon
Parts of the diencephalon
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Pituatary
What are the three layers of connective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord called?
Dura mater, Arachnoid, Pia mater
Connection between the rest of the brain and the spinal cord
Brainstem
Parts of the brainstem
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
Involved in autonomic control functions related to heart, respiration, blood vessel diameter, swallowing, and vomiting
Brainstem
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of the spinal cord
Allows body to have coordinated movement
Increases breathing, increases heart rate, decreases GI secretions, dilates pupil
Sympathetic nervous system
General types of stimuli that can trigger a response from sensory receptors
Thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, chemical
Which fluid helps protect the brain and spinal cord?
Cerebral
What section of the brain is divided into halves and lobes?
Cerebrum
Sensation of hunger and thirst
Visceral
Located in the hypothalamus
Central temp receptors
Which section of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?
Cerebrum
Can activate mechanisms of sweating or piloerection to to correct hypothermia or hyperthermia
CNS
Taste buds are located in
Papillae
Which sense is responsible for detecting touch and pressure?
Tactile sense
Special senses
Taste, smell, hearing, vision, equilibrium
Most structures of the ear are located in the
temporal bones of the skull
Acts as a funnel to collect soundwave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum
External ear
Which part of the ear converts vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses?
Cochlea
Amplifies and transmits vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear
Middle ear
Contains 3 small bones called the malleus, incus, and stapes
Inner ear
Connects middle ear cavity with the pharynx
Eustachian tube
Equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the tympanic membrane
Eustachian tubes
Made up of structures that contribute to both hearing and equilibrium
Inner ear
What is the process called by which the shape of the lens is changed to allow close-up and distant vision?
Accommodation
Which structure produces a waxy substance that helps prevent tears from overflowing onto the face?
Tarsal glands
Where are the corners where the eyelids come together?
Lateral and medial canthus
What is the thin transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball and lines the interior surfaces of the eyelids?
Conjunctiva
Which structure is the third eyelid of domestic animals located medially between the eyelids and eyeball?
Nictitating membrane
Fluid filled portion of the inner ear that contains the receptor organ for hearing
Organ of Corti
Major layers of the eyeball
Outer fibrous layer, middle vascular layer, inner nervous layer
Admits light to its interior and gives strength and shape to the eyeball
Fibrous layer
Components of the fibrous layer of the eye
Cornea and Sclera
Which bone is attached to the tympanic membrane in the middle ear?
Malleus
Junction between cornea and sclera
Limbus
Highly reflective area in the rear of the eye
Tapetum lucidum
Colored part of the eye
Iris
Ring shaped structure located immediately behind the iris, contains tiny muscles that adjust the shape of the lens for near and far vision
Ciliary body
Is the retina and lines the back of the eye
Inner nervous layer
Contains actual sensory receptors for vision (rods and cones)
Inner nervous layer
Consists of mainly collagen fibers and makes up the majority of the outer fibrous layer
Sclera
Test your knowledge of the nervous system's anatomy and functions in this quiz. Explore topics such as the central and peripheral nervous systems, neuron anatomy, cranial nerves, and the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic functions.
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