Central and Peripheral Nervous System Quiz

Questions and Answers

What are the functions of the central nervous system?

Main command center, interprets info and issues instructions.

CNS is an abbreviation for what?

Central nervous system.

PNS is an abbreviation for what?

Peripheral nervous system.

What are the two parts of the CNS?

Brain and spinal cord. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fluid that lets the brain take in nutrients and remove wastes with blood?

Cerebrospinal fluid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest part of the brain?

Cerebrum. Signup and view all the answers

What increases the surface area of the cerebrum?

Gyri. Signup and view all the answers

If someone had a stroke and couldn't use the muscle in the right side of the face, which hemisphere of the brain had the stroke?

Left hemisphere. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 main lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Parietal, occipital, temporal, and frontal. Signup and view all the answers

What connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain?

Corpus callosum. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 2 main parts of the diencephalon?

Thalamus and hypothalamus. Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain regulates balance, coordinates, and smoothes movements?

Cerebellum. Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain receives sensory info and relays it to the cerebral cortex?

Thalamus. Signup and view all the answers

What controls recognition and analysis of body temperature?

Hypothalamus. Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if the hypothalamus stopped working?

Body temperature, water balance, metabolism, thirst, appetite, pain, pleasure, and emotions would all be off balance. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the hypothalamus important to the endocrine system?

It is one of the main producers for hormones and it gives the endocrine system regulation. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 parts of the lower brain?

Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. Signup and view all the answers

What are some important functions controlled by the lower brain stem?

Breathing, vision, hearing, blood pressure, heart rate, swallowing. Signup and view all the answers

What connects the brain to the peripheral nervous system?

Spinal cord. Signup and view all the answers

What kinds of information are processed in the spinal cord?

Involuntary reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it good for certain kinds of information to be processed in the spinal cord?

If it's processed before it gets to the brain, then the brain can react more quickly. Signup and view all the answers

Why does paralysis occur if a person gets a spinal cord injury?

The main line that sends signals to the brain is damaged. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 2 divisions of the PNS?

Sensory and motor (afferent and efferent). Signup and view all the answers

What does the somatic nervous system control?

Skeletal muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter controls the somatic nervous system and how does it work?

Acetylcholine, it is released when something is sensed and then binds to cells causing activation. Signup and view all the answers

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is composed of 2 subdivisions called what?

Sympathetic and parasympathetic. Signup and view all the answers

Which ANS subdivision is involved when you are startled or panicking (fight or flight)?

Sympathetic. Signup and view all the answers

Which ANS subdivision is involved when you are sitting on the couch eating chips (rest and digest)?

Parasympathetic. Signup and view all the answers

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine performs what 2 functions?

Activates muscles and is a major neurotransmitter. Signup and view all the answers

Which PNS system controls skeletal muscles?

Motor (efferent). Signup and view all the answers

Another name for a neuron is a..

Neuroglia. Signup and view all the answers

Two main types of cells that make up the nervous system?

Central and peripheral. Signup and view all the answers

3 main parts of a neuron are the?

Cell body, axon, dendrite. Signup and view all the answers

The numerous short fibers that carry impulses to the cell body are..

Dendrites. Signup and view all the answers

The single short fiber that carries impulses to the cell body is the?

Axon. Signup and view all the answers

The covering around an axon is called an?

Myelin sheath. Signup and view all the answers

What do microglial cells do?

Mediate immune responses in CNS. Signup and view all the answers

What do oligodendrocytes do?

Form myelin sheath. Signup and view all the answers

What do astrocytes do?

Link neurons to blood supply. Signup and view all the answers

What do ependymal cells do?

Help circulate CSF. Signup and view all the answers

What do Schwann cells do?

Form myelin sheath. Signup and view all the answers

What do myelin sheaths do?

Provide isolation. Signup and view all the answers

Frontal lobe functions?

Movement, decision making, speech. Signup and view all the answers

Parietal lobe functions?

Taste, speech, reading. Signup and view all the answers

Occipital lobe functions?

Vision. Signup and view all the answers

Temporal lobe functions?

Smell, hearing. Signup and view all the answers

What are sulci?

Shallow grooves of the cerebral hemisphere. Signup and view all the answers

What are gyri?

Elevated ridges of the cerebral hemisphere. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Central Nervous System (CNS)

CNS serves as the main command center, interpreting information and issuing instructions.
Comprises the brain and spinal cord.
Abbreviated as CNS.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

PNS facilitates communication between the CNS and the rest of the body.
Abbreviated as PNS, divided into sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) divisions.

Brain Structure and Functions

Largest part of the brain is the cerebrum, which increases surface area through gyri (elevated ridges) and sulci (shallow grooves).
Brain hemispheres connect via the corpus callosum.
The cerebral cortex has four main lobes: parietal, occipital, temporal, and frontal.

Diencephalon

Diencephalon consists of two primary structures: thalamus (sensory info relay) and hypothalamus (body temperature and homeostasis regulation).
If the hypothalamus fails, balance of temperature, water, metabolism, appetite, emotions, and pain is disrupted.

Lower Brain

Lower brain comprises midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, regulating vital functions such as breathing, vision, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Spinal Cord Functions

Spinal cord acts as a conduit between the brain and PNS, processing involuntary reactions and ensuring quicker responses to stimuli.
Damage to the spinal cord can result in paralysis due to disrupted signal transmission.

Neurons and Neuroglia

Neurons, also known as neuroglia, consist of three main parts: cell body, axon (single fiber), and dendrites (numerous short fibers).
Myelin sheath surrounds axons, providing insulation and enhancing signal transmission.

Neuroglial Cells

Microglial cells mediate immune responses in the CNS.
Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath in the CNS.
Astrocytes connect neurons to blood supply.
Ependymal cells aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Schwann cells form the myelin sheath in the PNS.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

ANS is divided into sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) divisions, managing involuntary bodily functions.

Brain Mapping and Lobes Functions

Frontal lobe: movement, decision-making, speech.
Parietal lobe: taste, speech, reading.
Occipital lobe: vision.
Temporal lobe: smell, hearing.

Additional Concepts

Acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter, activating muscles and serving as a major neurotransmitter in the nervous system.
Myelin sheaths provide electrical insulation for axons to speed up neural transmission.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems, including brain structures and their functions. This quiz covers key aspects such as the organization of the CNS and PNS, as well as the major components of the brain. Perfect for students studying biology or neuroscience.