Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the functions of the central nervous system?
What are the functions of the central nervous system?
Main command center, interprets info and issues instructions.
CNS is an abbreviation for what?
CNS is an abbreviation for what?
Central nervous system.
PNS is an abbreviation for what?
PNS is an abbreviation for what?
Peripheral nervous system.
What are the two parts of the CNS?
What are the two parts of the CNS?
What is the name of the fluid that lets the brain take in nutrients and remove wastes with blood?
What is the name of the fluid that lets the brain take in nutrients and remove wastes with blood?
What is the largest part of the brain?
What is the largest part of the brain?
What increases the surface area of the cerebrum?
What increases the surface area of the cerebrum?
If someone had a stroke and couldn't use the muscle in the right side of the face, which hemisphere of the brain had the stroke?
If someone had a stroke and couldn't use the muscle in the right side of the face, which hemisphere of the brain had the stroke?
What are the 4 main lobes of the cerebral cortex?
What are the 4 main lobes of the cerebral cortex?
What connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain?
What connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain?
What are the 2 main parts of the diencephalon?
What are the 2 main parts of the diencephalon?
What part of the brain regulates balance, coordinates, and smoothes movements?
What part of the brain regulates balance, coordinates, and smoothes movements?
What part of the brain receives sensory info and relays it to the cerebral cortex?
What part of the brain receives sensory info and relays it to the cerebral cortex?
What controls recognition and analysis of body temperature?
What controls recognition and analysis of body temperature?
What could happen if the hypothalamus stopped working?
What could happen if the hypothalamus stopped working?
Why is the hypothalamus important to the endocrine system?
Why is the hypothalamus important to the endocrine system?
What are the 3 parts of the lower brain?
What are the 3 parts of the lower brain?
What are some important functions controlled by the lower brain stem?
What are some important functions controlled by the lower brain stem?
What connects the brain to the peripheral nervous system?
What connects the brain to the peripheral nervous system?
What kinds of information are processed in the spinal cord?
What kinds of information are processed in the spinal cord?
Why is it good for certain kinds of information to be processed in the spinal cord?
Why is it good for certain kinds of information to be processed in the spinal cord?
Why does paralysis occur if a person gets a spinal cord injury?
Why does paralysis occur if a person gets a spinal cord injury?
What are the 2 divisions of the PNS?
What are the 2 divisions of the PNS?
What does the somatic nervous system control?
What does the somatic nervous system control?
What neurotransmitter controls the somatic nervous system and how does it work?
What neurotransmitter controls the somatic nervous system and how does it work?
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is composed of 2 subdivisions called what?
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is composed of 2 subdivisions called what?
Which ANS subdivision is involved when you are startled or panicking (fight or flight)?
Which ANS subdivision is involved when you are startled or panicking (fight or flight)?
Which ANS subdivision is involved when you are sitting on the couch eating chips (rest and digest)?
Which ANS subdivision is involved when you are sitting on the couch eating chips (rest and digest)?
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine performs what 2 functions?
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine performs what 2 functions?
Which PNS system controls skeletal muscles?
Which PNS system controls skeletal muscles?
Another name for a neuron is a..
Another name for a neuron is a..
Two main types of cells that make up the nervous system?
Two main types of cells that make up the nervous system?
3 main parts of a neuron are the?
3 main parts of a neuron are the?
The numerous short fibers that carry impulses to the cell body are..
The numerous short fibers that carry impulses to the cell body are..
The single short fiber that carries impulses to the cell body is the?
The single short fiber that carries impulses to the cell body is the?
The covering around an axon is called an?
The covering around an axon is called an?
What do microglial cells do?
What do microglial cells do?
What do oligodendrocytes do?
What do oligodendrocytes do?
What do astrocytes do?
What do astrocytes do?
What do ependymal cells do?
What do ependymal cells do?
What do Schwann cells do?
What do Schwann cells do?
What do myelin sheaths do?
What do myelin sheaths do?
Frontal lobe functions?
Frontal lobe functions?
Parietal lobe functions?
Parietal lobe functions?
Occipital lobe functions?
Occipital lobe functions?
Temporal lobe functions?
Temporal lobe functions?
What are sulci?
What are sulci?
What are gyri?
What are gyri?
Study Notes
Central Nervous System (CNS)
- CNS serves as the main command center, interpreting information and issuing instructions.
- Comprises the brain and spinal cord.
- Abbreviated as CNS.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- PNS facilitates communication between the CNS and the rest of the body.
- Abbreviated as PNS, divided into sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) divisions.
Brain Structure and Functions
- Largest part of the brain is the cerebrum, which increases surface area through gyri (elevated ridges) and sulci (shallow grooves).
- Brain hemispheres connect via the corpus callosum.
- The cerebral cortex has four main lobes: parietal, occipital, temporal, and frontal.
Diencephalon
- Diencephalon consists of two primary structures: thalamus (sensory info relay) and hypothalamus (body temperature and homeostasis regulation).
- If the hypothalamus fails, balance of temperature, water, metabolism, appetite, emotions, and pain is disrupted.
Lower Brain
- Lower brain comprises midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, regulating vital functions such as breathing, vision, heart rate, and blood pressure.
Spinal Cord Functions
- Spinal cord acts as a conduit between the brain and PNS, processing involuntary reactions and ensuring quicker responses to stimuli.
- Damage to the spinal cord can result in paralysis due to disrupted signal transmission.
Neurons and Neuroglia
- Neurons, also known as neuroglia, consist of three main parts: cell body, axon (single fiber), and dendrites (numerous short fibers).
- Myelin sheath surrounds axons, providing insulation and enhancing signal transmission.
Neuroglial Cells
- Microglial cells mediate immune responses in the CNS.
- Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath in the CNS.
- Astrocytes connect neurons to blood supply.
- Ependymal cells aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- Schwann cells form the myelin sheath in the PNS.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- ANS is divided into sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) divisions, managing involuntary bodily functions.
Brain Mapping and Lobes Functions
- Frontal lobe: movement, decision-making, speech.
- Parietal lobe: taste, speech, reading.
- Occipital lobe: vision.
- Temporal lobe: smell, hearing.
Additional Concepts
- Acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter, activating muscles and serving as a major neurotransmitter in the nervous system.
- Myelin sheaths provide electrical insulation for axons to speed up neural transmission.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems, including brain structures and their functions. This quiz covers key aspects such as the organization of the CNS and PNS, as well as the major components of the brain. Perfect for students studying biology or neuroscience.
