22 Questions
What is the main function of the enteric nervous system?
Controlling peristalsis and gastrointestinal secretions
What is the role of neuroglial cells in the nervous system?
Supporting the function of neurons
Which type of nerves are involved in the transmission of sensory information from the skin?
Spinal nerves
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary actions such as heart rate and digestion?
Autonomic nervous system
What is the main difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system?
CNS is responsible for processing information, while PNS is responsible for transmitting information
Which type of nerves originate within the head?
Cranial nerves
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions?
Autonomic nervous system
What is the primary function of the somatic nervous system?
Controlling voluntary muscle movements
Which nervous system is associated with the 'fight or flight' response?
Sympathetic nervous system
Which cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?
3rd, 7th, 9th, and 10th cranial nerves
What is the function of the motor neurons in the somatic nervous system?
Transmitting signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling digestion?
Enteric nervous system
What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on heart rate?
Increases heart rate
What is the primary function of the sensory neurons in the somatic nervous system?
Carrying sensory information from sensory organs to the CNS
What is the function of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
Regulate visceral function
Which part of the nervous system is involved in the regulation of voluntary movements?
Somatic Nervous System
Which system has a stimulatory effect on the body's 'fight or flight' response?
Sympathetic Nervous System
Which system promotes relaxation and reduces stress?
Parasympathetic Nervous System
What is the function of the Enteric Nervous System?
Control the digestive system
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting information to other neurons and non-neural structures?
Neurons
What is the main function of Neuroglia in the nervous system?
Maintain the normal functioning of the nervous system
What is the relationship between neurons and Neuroglia in the nervous system?
Neuroglia outnumber neurons by about ten times
Study Notes
Enteric Nervous System (PNS)
- Consists of a neural plexus lying within the walls of the gut
- Involved in controlling peristalsis and gastrointestinal secretions
Organization of the Nervous System
- Neurones are the functional unit of the nervous system
- Neuroglial cells support neurones
- Cranial nerves originate within the head and are part of the PNS
- Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord through intervertebral foramen, carrying mixed bundles of motor and sensory nerves
Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Consists of the brain and spinal cord
- Areas made up mainly of cell bodies are called gray matter
- Areas made up mainly of myelinated axons are called white matter
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Includes 31 pairs of spinal nerves, 12 pairs of cranial nerves, the autonomic nervous system, and associated ganglia
- Divisions:
- Visceral system (autonomic nervous system)
- Somatic system
- Somatic system:
- Controls voluntary muscle movements
- Transmits sensory information to the CNS
- Visceral system:
- Involuntary control
- Regulates involuntary bodily functions to maintain homeostasis
Autonomic Nervous System
- Subdivisions:
- Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
- Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
- SNS:
- Associated with neurons in the spinal gray between thoracic and upper lumbar levels
- Activates "fight or flight" responses
- Increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and redirects blood flow to muscles
- PNS:
- Associated with specific cranial nerves and sacral nerves
- Activates "rest and digest" responses
- Slows heart rate, constricts pupils, and promotes digestion
Neuroglia
- Outnumber neurons by about ten times in the nervous system
- Do not participate directly in information processing
- Functions include:
- Maintaining normal functioning of the nervous system
- Complementing neurons to ensure efficient neural communication
Brain and Brainstem
- Cerebrum:
- Houses nuclei for CN I and II (olfactory and optic nerves)
- Divided into frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes
- Brainstem:
- Consists of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
- Associated with specific cranial nerves (CN III-XII)
Cerebellum
- Part of the CNS
- Functions not specified in the text
Learn about the structure and functions of the Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, and the Enteric Nervous System. Understand the role of neurons and neuroglial cells in the nervous system.
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