Organization of the nervous system .pptx

ORGANIZATION UM1010 OF THE NERVOUS NEUROENDOCRINE BLOCK SYSTEM  about MR IZUCHUKWU OBAZIE FHEA (he/his/him) BSc., M.Sc. Human Anatomy, PGCAP. Teaching fellow, Anatomy School of Medicine University...

ORGANIZATION UM1010 OF THE NERVOUS NEUROENDOCRINE BLOCK SYSTEM  about MR IZUCHUKWU OBAZIE FHEA (he/his/him) BSc., M.Sc. Human Anatomy, PGCAP. Teaching fellow, Anatomy School of Medicine University of Central Lancashire, Preston Email: [email protected]  Understand the differences between the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). Know the major components of the brain and spinal cord. LEARNING Comprehend the structural and OUTCOMES functional differences in cranial and spinal nerves. Master the terms and vocabulary unique to neuroscience.  Neurones and Central Nervous PART 1 System STRUCTURE Peripheral and Autonomic nervous PART 2 system O R I E N TAT I O N  PROCESS THIS … When you touch a hot object, you pull your hand away quickly. What do you think is happening at the neural level during such reflex actions? Consider a task that requires precise hand-eye coordination, such as threading a needle or playing a musical instrument. How does your nervous system facilitate and control these fine motor skills? Recollect a recent learning experience or event. How does the nervous system play a role in encoding, storing, and retrieving memories? NEURONS The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system. About 10 10 in the human nervous system Functions include Receive and integrate incoming information/input from sensory receptors and other neurons. Integrate information from various sources Transmit information to other neurons and non-neural structures (muscles, organs, glands) NEUROGLIA Other major cellular component of the nervous system Outnumber neurons by about ten times in the nervous system. Do not participate directly in information processing like neurons. Functions include Normal Functioning: Neuroglial cells play a vital role in maintaining the normal functioning of the nervous system. They complement neurons to ensure efficient neural communication.  Central nervous system (CNS)– brain and the spinal cord Peripheral nervous system (PNS)– cranial nerves, the CENTRAL, PERIPHERAL spinal nerves, the ganglia associated with the cranial and spinal nerves , and the peripheral receptor organs. A N D AU T O N O M I C Autonomic nervous system (ANS) – part of the N E R VO U S S Y S T E M nervous system involved mainly in the regulation of visceral function (located partly within the CNS and partly within PNS) CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)  Cerebru m CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM  Cerebrum Cranial nerves CENTRAL Brainstem Cerebellum NERVOUS SYSTEM Spinal cord CNS Spinal PNS nerves  BRAIN AND BRAINSTE M CEREBRUM Houses nuclei for CN I and II (olfactory and Frontal lobe optic nerves) Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe  BRAINSTEM Midbrain CN III and IV (Occulomotor and Trochlear ) Pons CN V, VI, VII, and VII ( Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial and Vestibulocochlear) Medulla oblongata CN IX, X, XI, and XII (Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory and Hypoglossal) C E R E B E L LU M  GRAY MAT TER AND WHITE MAT TER Areas of CNS made up mainly of myelinated axons are called white matter. Areas made up mainly of cell bodies are called gray matter.  CNS: SUMMARY  Please END OF PART 1 proceed to the 2nd part  PERIPHERAL AND AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Part 2  PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) Includes 31 pairs of spinal nerves 12 pairs of cranial nerves The autonomic nervous system and the ganglia associated with them. Sensory receptor organs  P E R I P H ER A L N E R VOU S S YST EM : DI V I SI O N S The visceral system aka Autonomic System Involuntary Control: Regulates involuntary bodily functions to maintain homeostasis. The somatic system Voluntary Control: Controls voluntary muscle movements and transmits sensory information to the central nervous system (CNS). Sensory (Afferent) Neurons: Carries sensory information from sensory organs (e.g., skin, eyes) to the CNS. Motor (Efferent) Neurons: Transmits signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles, enabling voluntary movements.  THE VISCERAL OR AU T O N O M I C S Y S T E M : SUBDIVISIONS Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS): Associated with neurons located in the spinal gray between the thoracic and the upper lumbar levels; Activates "fight or flight" responses. Increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and redirects blood flow to muscles. Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS): Associated with the 3rd, 7th, 9th and the 10th cranial nerves as well as with the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th sacral nerves; Activates "rest and digest" responses. Slows heart rate, constricts pupils, and promotes digestion. Enteric Nervous System (PNS): Consists of a neural plexus lying within the walls of the gut Involved in controlling peristalsis and gastrointestinal secretions O R G A N I Z AT I O N OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: S U M M A RY Neurones are the functional unit of the nervous system and it is supported by the neuroglial cells The cranial nerves are nerves originating within the head and are part of the PNS The spinal nerves are nerves exiting the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramen carrying mixed bundles of motor and sensory nerves  UNDERSTAND THE KNOW THE MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE COMPONENTS OF THE BRAIN CENTRAL (CNS) AND AND SPINAL CORD. LEARNING PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS (PNS). OUTCOMES REVIEW COMPREHEND THE MASTER THE TERMS AND STRUCTURAL AND VOCABULARY UNIQUE TO FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES IN NEUROSCIENCE. CRANIAL AND SPINAL NERVES. QUESTIONS? Please do not hesitate to send me an email to [email protected] Thank you Izuchukwu Obazie FHEA [email protected]