Nervous System Anatomy and Functions

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Which division of the nervous system includes nerves and ganglia located outside of the brain and spinal cord?

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) (correct)
Central Nervous System (CNS)

Motor nerves exclusively contain axons from sensory neurons.

False (B)

What type of nerve contains axons from both sensory and motor neurons?

Mixed nerves

There are a total of _______ pairs of spinal nerves.

31 Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve does NOT originate in the brainstem?

Accessory Nerve (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerves with their primary function (simplified):

Olfactory Nerve = Smell Optic Nerve = Vision Vestibulocochlear Nerve = Hearing and Balance Vagus Nerve = Regulates internal organ functions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the correct order, from rostral to caudal, of cranial nerves?

Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor (B) Signup and view all the answers

All cranial nerves are purely sensory or purely motor; none of them are mixed.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for both sensory innervation of the face and motor innervation of the muscles of mastication?

Trigeminal (V) (D) Signup and view all the answers

All spinal nerves are mixed nerves, containing both sensory and motor fibers.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the part of the spinal cord where a pair of spinal nerves emerges?

segment Signup and view all the answers

The web-like networks of nerves and nerve branches are called ______.

plexus Signup and view all the answers

Match each cranial nerve with its primary function:

Optic Nerve (II) = Vision Oculomotor Nerve (III) = Eye movement (4 muscles), pupil and lens adjustment Facial Nerve (VII) = Taste (anterior tongue), facial expression, tear and salivary glands Vagus Nerve (X) = Sensory from viscera; somatic motor to larynx; autonomic motor functions Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve arises from the cervical plexus and innervates the diaphragm?

Phrenic nerve (A) Signup and view all the answers

The intercostal nerves arise from the thoracic region and innervate the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main divisions of the lumbosacral plexus?

lumbar and sacral Signup and view all the answers

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is divided into the ______ and parasympathetic divisions.

sympathetic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best description of the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Fight or flight (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the autonomic nervous system, the postganglionic neuron is located in the brain or spinal cord.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter is secreted by most postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system?

norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

A neuron that secretes acetylcholine is called a ______ neuron.

cholinergic Signup and view all the answers

What cranial nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera?

X (Vagus) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following autonomic receptors with their typical effect:

Muscarinic Receptors = Excitatory or Inhibitory Nicotinic Receptors = Always Excitatory α-adrenergic Receptors = Usually Excitatory β-adrenergic Receptors = Usually Inhibitory Signup and view all the answers

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.

Sensory (Afferent) Division

The division of the PNS that transmits sensory information from the body to the CNS.