Nerve Tissue Histology Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of ependymal cells in the nervous system?

Support neurons in ganglia

Regenerate action potentials

Myelinate single axons

Produce cerebrospinal fluid (correct)

Which statement describes the role of Nodes of Ranvier in signal transmission?

They are responsible for producing CSF.

They support neurons in ganglia.

They myelinate multiple axons simultaneously.

They allow for faster signal transmission by enabling saltatory conduction. (correct)

Which type of glial cell is primarily involved in myelinating single axons?

Schwann cells (correct)

Satellite cells

Ependymal cells

Astrocytes

What is the primary role of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?

To support neurons in ganglia Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the gaps in the myelin sheath known as Nodes of Ranvier?

Action potentials regenerate. Signup and view all the answers

What structure surrounds individual axons in a nerve?

Endoneurium Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nerve is responsible for carrying motor commands from the CNS?

Motor Nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of perineurium in nerve structure?

To enclose fascicles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly defines excitability in neurons?

Ability to respond to stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What do mixed nerves contain?

Both sensory and motor fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of connective tissue encases the entire nerve?

Epineurium Signup and view all the answers

What type of nerve transmits sensory data such as touch and temperature?

Sensory Nerves Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the propagation of electrical impulses across the neuron membrane?

Conductivity Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the specialization of neurons?

They are morphologically and functionally specialized. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these layers would be damaged if the nerve is injured at a fascicle level?

Perineurium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

To form the myelin sheath for multiple axons Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with inhibitory functions?

GABA Signup and view all the answers

What negative effect does CNS damage often lead to?

Permanent loss of function Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microglia in the nervous system?

To act as immune cells that phagocytose debris Signup and view all the answers

How do astrocytes contribute to maintaining a healthy nervous system?

By maintaining the blood-brain barrier and ion balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the myelin sheath produced by oligodendrocytes?

Lipid-rich layers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the cerebrum?

Managing higher cognitive functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Myelinating individual axons Signup and view all the answers

Which glial cell type is primarily involved in forming the blood-brain barrier?

Astrocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling vital involuntary functions such as respiration?

Brainstem Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue covers the bone of the skull?

Dense irregular connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for coordinating movement and balance?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of satellite cell nuclei?

To provide structural and metabolic support to neurons Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes grey matter from white matter in the brain?

Grey matter contains neuron cell bodies, while white matter contains myelinated axons Signup and view all the answers

What role does the central nervous system (CNS) play in the body?

It coordinates voluntary motor activities Signup and view all the answers

What type of matter primarily constitutes the center of the brainstem?

Grey matter Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain interprets sensory information?

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

Which layer acts as the outer protective layer of the head?

Scalp Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary components of nerve tissue?

Neurons and glial cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurons are found predominantly in nerve tissue?

Pseudounipolar neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which cells produce the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system?

Schwann cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neuroglia cells in nerve tissue?

Providing structural support and maintaining homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about myelinated and unmyelinated axons is true?

Myelinated axons provide more efficient signal conduction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the sensory input component of the nervous system?

Detect environmental changes Signup and view all the answers

Which function does the nervous system perform during motor output?

Transmitting signals to effectors Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of glutamate excitatory neurotransmitter?

Facilitates rapid communication in the nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Where are ganglion cell nuclei typically located?

Centrally in large ganglionic neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the perineurium in nerve tissue?

Surrounding and protecting fascicles of axons Signup and view all the answers

What structure is found in both myelinated and unmyelinated axons?

Schwann cell support Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of insulation by adipocytes in nerve tissue?

To provide insulation and protection Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for interpreting and integrating sensory data?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What describes the function of Schwann cells in unmyelinated axons?

They provide partial insulation. Signup and view all the answers

What structure serves as a protective membrane surrounding the central nervous system?

Dura Mater Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the meninges is web-like and located between the dura mater and pia mater?

Arachnoid Mater Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ependymal cells in the central nervous system?

Lining the central canal and producing cerebrospinal fluid Signup and view all the answers

In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which component is responsible for voluntary control over skeletal muscles?

Somatic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for transmitting electrical impulses away from the cell body?

Axon Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of the central canal within the spinal cord?

Providing nutrient exchange and cushioning with cerebrospinal fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the cerebral cortex is characterized by a dense network of synaptic connections?

Molecular Layer Signup and view all the answers

What structure is involved in reabsorbing cerebrospinal fluid?

Arachnoid Villus Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the neuron is primarily associated with receiving input from other neurons or sensory stimuli?

Dendrites Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the ganglia in the nervous system?

Acting as clusters of neuronal cell bodies Signup and view all the answers

What are neurofilaments primarily responsible for in the neuron?

Providing structural support and maintaining shape Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response?

Parasympathetic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the choroid plexus in the central nervous system?

Producing cerebrospinal fluid Signup and view all the answers

What organelle is particularly abundant in neurons to meet their high energy demands?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nerve Tissue Histology Mind Map

Nerve Tissue: Composed of neurons and neuroglia (glial cells)
Neurons: Functional units, specialized for rapid signal transmission
- Excitability: Ability to respond to stimuli
- Conductivity: Propagation of electrical impulses
- Specialization: Morphological and functional specialization for information transmission
Neuroglia (Glial Cells): Supporting cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, support and protect neurons
Nerve Structure: Bundles of nerve fibers (fascicles) and connective tissue layers
- Endoneurium: Surrounds individual axons
- Perineurium: Encloses fascicles
- Epineurium: Encases the entire nerve
Nerve Types:
- Sensory Nerves: Transmit sensory data to the CNS
- Motor Nerves: Carry motor commands from the CNS to muscles or glands
- Mixed Nerves: Contain both sensory and motor fibers
Myelin Sheath: Lipid-rich layer produced by Schwann cells (PNS) and oligodendrocytes (CNS)
- Myelination: Increases speed of signal conduction
- Nodes of Ranvier: Gaps in the myelin sheath where action potentials regenerate (saltatory conduction)
Neuron Structure:
- Cell Body (Soma): Contains the nucleus and organelles, synthesizes neurotransmitters
- Dendrites: Branching processes that receive input
- Axon: Long projection that transmits impulses away from the soma
- Axon Hillock: Region where action potentials are initiated
- Axon Terminals: Release neurotransmitters to target cells
- Cytoskeleton: (Neurofilaments, Microtubules, Microfilaments) provides structural support and facilitates axonal transport
- Organelles: (Nissl bodies -rough ER, Mitochondria, Inclusions: Melanin, Lipofuscin) perform specific cellular functions
Synapse: Where neurons communicate with each other or with target cells
- Electrical Synapses: Direct current flow via gap junctions
- Chemical Synapses: Mediated by neurotransmitters

Nervous System Structures and Associated Structures

Meninges: Protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
- Dura Mater: Tough outermost layer
- Arachnoid Mater: Web-like middle layer
- Pia Mater: Thin innermost layer closely adhering to the brain
Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord
- Brain: Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brainstem with their different functions
- Spinal Cord: Relays signals between the brain and the body
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Nerves and ganglia outside the CNS

CNS and PNS Glial Cells

CNS Glial Cells:
- Astrocytes: Regulate blood-brain barrier, maintain ion balance, repair tissue
- Oligodendrocytes: Form myelin sheath for multiple axons
- Microglia: Immune cells that phagocytose debris and pathogens
- Ependymal Cells: Produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
PNS Glial Cells:
- Schwann Cells: Myelinate single axons
- Satellite Cells: Support neurons in ganglia
- Neurodegenerative, Demyelinating Diseases & Injuries (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Multiple Sclerosis Guillain-Barré Syndrome)

Functional Divisions of the Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System (SNS): Voluntary control over skeletal muscles
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Involuntary control of smooth muscle, glands, and internal organs with its sympathetic and parasympathetic components

Additional Information

-  Histological features  (different types of nervous tissue, structures) may be key

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Description

Explore the histology of nerve tissue, focusing on neurons and neuroglia. This quiz covers their structures, functionalities, and types of nerves including sensory, motor, and mixed nerves. Understand the roles of myelin sheath and connective tissue in maintaining nerve integrity.