Nerve Cell Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

What are the parts and function of the nervous system?

The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It controls all of your body's actions, from breathing to thinking.

Who can cite other situations/experiences related to the one shown in the picture?

A person who has experienced a similar situation, like a sudden scare or a reflex action.

With which hand did you catch the ruler faster when your eyes were opened? When your eyes were closed?

The hand with eyes open should be faster.

Did you catch the ruler faster with your eyes opened or closed?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain why a message moving along nerve pathways takes time?

<p>The messages travel as electrical signals along the nerve pathways, that causes a delay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the nerve pathway that the message followed when you saw the ruler fall?

<p>The message traveled from the eye (receptor) to the brain, then to the spinal cord, and finally to the hand (effector) to catch the ruler.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the parts of a nerve cell? Describe its function?

<p>A nerve cell consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. Its function is to receive and transmit information throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a nerve cell or neuron carry impulses from one part of the body to another?

<p>Nerve cells transmit information as electrical impulses along their axons, which are covered in myelin for faster transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The [blank] is the basic unit of the nervous system

<p>Nerve cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic parts of a neuron?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the axon do?

<p>It carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do dendrites do?

<p>Dendrites are branched extensions of the neuron's cell body that serve as the primary site for receiving signals from other neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cell body of a neuron contain ?

<p>The nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

During rest (polarized state), the inside of the membrane is negative.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

At activation (reversal of polarity) the inside of the membrane is positive.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sodium-potassium pump is responsible for restoring the resting membrane potential after depolarization.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RMP stand for?

<p>Resting Membrane Potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold?

<p>The minimum level of stimulation needed to trigger an action potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an action potential?

<p>A brief, rapid change in the membrane potential of a neuron, resulting in a signal transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nerve impulse is sent by neurotransmitters.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a synapse?

<p>A gap between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a stimulus?

<p>Any factor that influences behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a response?

<p>A reaction to a stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is reaction time?

<p>The time between the application of a stimulus and the detection of a response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do sensory neurons do?

<p>They transmit information from the receptor to the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an effector do?

<p>It carries out a response to a stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the brain do in the process of receiving a stimulus?

<p>It processes the information and commands an effector to respond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the following situation shows a response to stimulus EXCEPT?

<p>A dog continues to sleep while somebody is walking around him.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of a delayed reaction situation?

<p>A boy hit by ball and cry after a while.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Motor neurons transmit impulses in the PNS or Peripheral Nervous system. In line with this function, which does not belong to the group?

<p>Sensory nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which shows the correct order of stimuli – response scenario?

<p>II, III, IV, I</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the following health programs and activities can help promote healthy lives in relation to human nervous system care EXCEPT.

<p>Availability of Instant Foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nerve Cell Structure and Function

  • Neurons are the basic units of the nervous system
  • Neurons have specialized structures for transmitting information
  • Parts of a neuron include dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminal, and neurotransmitters

Nerve Cell Parts

  • Dendrites: Branching extensions receiving signals from other neurons
  • Cell body (soma): Contains the nucleus and other organelles
  • Axon: Long, slender projection transmitting the signal away from the cell body
  • Axon terminal: Branches at the end of an axon, releasing neurotransmitters
  • Myelin sheath: Fatty insulation surrounding some axons, increasing signal speed
  • Nodes of Ranvier: Gaps in the myelin sheath, crucial for saltatory conduction

Types of Neurons

  • Sensory neurons (afferent neurons): Carry signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS)
  • Motor neurons (efferent neurons): Carry signals from the CNS to muscles or glands
  • Interneurons: Connect sensory and motor neurons within the CNS, processing information

Impulse Transmission

  • Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released at the axon terminals to transmit impulses across synapses
  • Synapses are the gaps between neurons
  • Impulse transmission is crucial for communication within the nervous system

Nerve Impulse

  • The nerve impulse is an electrochemical signal
  • During neural transmission, there is a change in electrical potential across neuron membranes which causes a nerve impulse. This shift in electrical potential is dependent on changes in membrane ion concentration inside and outside of the membrane
  • This leads to a change in the electrical polarity and causes a wave of depolarization and repolarization, a nerve impulse
  • Impulses are transmitted through neurotransmitters that are produced at the axon terminals when an impulse comes

Action Potential

  • Resting membrane potential (RMP): The neuron's electrical charge at rest (typically -70 mV)
  • Depolarization: The inside of the membrane becomes more positive
  • Repolarization: The inside of the membrane returns to negative; it goes back to the resting state
  • During the action potential, the membrane changes from a state of polarity to a more positive state, and then goes back to a state of potential

Reflex Arc

  • A rapid, involuntary response to a stimulus, bypassing the brain
  • Sensory receptor -> Sensory neuron -> Interneuron -> Motor neuron -> Effector

Reaction Time

  • The time taken for a response after a stimulus
  • Many factors influencing reaction time include physical and psychological state

Types of Nervous System

  • Central nervous system (CNS): Brain and spinal cord
  • Peripheral nervous system (PNS): Nerves connecting to the CNS

Forms of Membrane Potential

  • During Rest: The resting membrane potential (RMP) occurs when the cell is at rest, in a polarized state
  • Upon Stimulation: Receiving a stimulus causes a change in membrane potential, including threshold, action potential, depolarization, repolarization and hyperpolarization

Stimulus and Response

  • Stimulus: Anything that causes a change in living organisms
  • Response: The effect of the stimulus
  • Receptors are specific structures that monitor internal and external stimuli
  • Effectors are the parts that respond to the stimuli and messages

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Related Documents

Lesson 2: The Nerve Cell and the Nerve Impulse (PDF)

Description

Explore the complex structure and function of nerve cells in this quiz. Understand the different parts of a neuron and their roles in transmitting information. Learn about the types of neurons and their functions within the nervous system.

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