31 Questions
What type of molecules can be easily filtered out and reabsorbed by the kidneys?
Small drugs or hormones
What is the primary role of the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, in the body?
Regulating calcium levels in the blood
What is the primary function of erythropoietin (EPO) produced by the kidneys?
Increasing erythrocyte (red blood cell) production
Which of the following is NOT a way the kidneys regulate blood pressure?
Calcitriol
What is the primary role of the kidneys in maintaining the body's $pH$ level?
Regulating the body's $pH$ level
What is the term for the absence of urine production?
Anuria
Which substance in the urine indicates that the body is using fat for energy?
Ketones
What is the first part of the nephron that creates about 200 liters of filtrate daily?
Glomerulus
Which factor does not affect urine color?
Proteins in diet
What does the presence of leukocytes in urine indicate?
Urinary tract infection
What is the specific gravity of pure water?
$1.0$
What is the primary way that solutes get transported with sodium?
Symport mechanism
What is the role of the ascending Loop of Henle?
Has no aquaporin channels but moves sodium and potassium well
What is the main function of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?
All of the above
How does the sympathetic nervous system influence kidney function?
Causes vasoconstriction and reduces urine production
What is the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the kidneys?
It is very important for kidney function and regulates blood pressure and fluid balance
What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the kidneys?
Increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts
What is the primary function of the myogenic mechanism in the kidneys?
Regulates blood pressure and flow to the glomeruli
What is the primary function of tubuloglomerular feedback in the kidneys?
Causes contraction or relaxation based on flow rate and sodium osmolarity
What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the kidneys?
All of the above
What is the primary function of natriuretic hormones in the kidneys?
Inhibit aldosterone and allow for sodium and water excretion
What is the approximate length of the female urethra?
4 cm
What is the medical term for urination?
Micturition
At what volume of fluid in the bladder is the urge to urinate first felt?
150 mL
What is the approximate length of the ureters?
30 cm
Which of the following is NOT a function of the nephron?
Glycolysis
What is the role of the macula densa in the kidney?
Regulates renin release to influence blood volume
What is the purpose of the aquaporin channel proteins in the collecting ducts?
To reabsorb water back into the interstitial spaces
What is the approximate percentage of cardiac output that goes to the kidneys at rest?
25%
Which of the following is NOT a part of the nephron?
Bowman's capsule
What is the approximate maximum volume of urine that the bladder can hold?
600 mL
Explore the structure and function of the glomerulus in the nephron and learn about the factors that affect urine production and content. Discover how urinalysis helps in determining urine composition and what different color or odor changes might indicate. Delve into the impact of diabetes on urine characteristics.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
