Nephron and Urine Formation
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the absence of urine production?

  • Oliguria
  • Polyuria
  • Anuria (correct)
  • Dysuria
  • Which factor is NOT mentioned as affecting urine color?

  • Bleeding
  • Water intake
  • Exercise
  • Protein content (correct)
  • What does leukocytes in urine indicate?

  • High sugar levels
  • Urinary tract infection (correct)
  • Kidney stones
  • Dehydration
  • Which statement about specific gravity is correct?

    <p>Specific gravity indicates the amount of solutes in urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of ketones in the urine indicate?

    <p>Fat as an energy source or low carb intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food group is NOT mentioned to affect urine pH levels?

    <p>Citrus fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active form of vitamin D?

    <p>Calcitriol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing erythrocyte production?

    <p>Erythropoietin (EPO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if there is inadequate vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT involved in regulating blood pressure according to the text?

    <p>Erythropoietin (EPO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the kidneys play in the body's electrolyte balance?

    <p>Recover electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Loop of Henle in the nephron?

    <p>Reabsorbing water and some sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of urea in the nephron?

    <p>To rid the body of nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that influences ADH activity in the body?

    <p>Blood pressure levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases the number of calcium channels in the DCT?

    <p>PTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does norepinephrine have on kidney function?

    <p>Causes vasoconstriction and reduces blood flow to the glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is regulated by parathyroid hormone and moves opposite to phosphate?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the myogenic mechanism in kidney function?

    <p>Responding to changes in blood pressure and flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do diuretics affect urine volume?

    <p>Increase urine volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released due to increased potassium levels?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences endothelins release in kidneys?

    <p>Angiotensin 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for urination?

    <p>Micturition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the female urethra have higher rates of UTIs compared to the male urethra?

    <p>It is not a good barrier against infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ADH in the kidney?

    <p>Increase water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure regulates renin release to influence blood volume?

    <p>Macula densa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if osmolarity is low in the kidney cells?

    <p>Cells relax to remove more water in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nephrons in the kidney?

    <p>Make urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which segment of the nephron primarily absorbs and secretes solutes?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of systemic edema?

    <p>'Overhydration'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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