Nephron and Urine Formation

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the absence of urine production?

  • Oliguria
  • Polyuria
  • Anuria (correct)
  • Dysuria

Which factor is NOT mentioned as affecting urine color?

  • Bleeding
  • Water intake
  • Exercise
  • Protein content (correct)

What does leukocytes in urine indicate?

  • High sugar levels
  • Urinary tract infection (correct)
  • Kidney stones
  • Dehydration

Which statement about specific gravity is correct?

<p>Specific gravity indicates the amount of solutes in urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of ketones in the urine indicate?

<p>Fat as an energy source or low carb intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food group is NOT mentioned to affect urine pH levels?

<p>Citrus fruits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the active form of vitamin D?

<p>Calcitriol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing erythrocyte production?

<p>Erythropoietin (EPO) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if there is inadequate vitamin D in the body?

<p>Osteoporosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT involved in regulating blood pressure according to the text?

<p>Erythropoietin (EPO) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the kidneys play in the body's electrolyte balance?

<p>Recover electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Loop of Henle in the nephron?

<p>Reabsorbing water and some sodium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of urea in the nephron?

<p>To rid the body of nitrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that influences ADH activity in the body?

<p>Blood pressure levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases the number of calcium channels in the DCT?

<p>PTH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does norepinephrine have on kidney function?

<p>Causes vasoconstriction and reduces blood flow to the glomerulus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is regulated by parathyroid hormone and moves opposite to phosphate?

<p>Calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the myogenic mechanism in kidney function?

<p>Responding to changes in blood pressure and flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do diuretics affect urine volume?

<p>Increase urine volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released due to increased potassium levels?

<p>Aldosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences endothelins release in kidneys?

<p>Angiotensin 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for urination?

<p>Micturition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the female urethra have higher rates of UTIs compared to the male urethra?

<p>It is not a good barrier against infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ADH in the kidney?

<p>Increase water reabsorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure regulates renin release to influence blood volume?

<p>Macula densa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if osmolarity is low in the kidney cells?

<p>Cells relax to remove more water in the urine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nephrons in the kidney?

<p>Make urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which segment of the nephron primarily absorbs and secretes solutes?

<p>Proximal convoluted tubule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of systemic edema?

<p>'Overhydration' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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