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Neonatal Calcium Levels and Hypocalcemia

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Neonatal Calcium Levels and Hypocalcemia

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Questions and Answers

What happens to blood-ionized Ca2+ concentrations in neonates within the first week after birth?

They increase gradually until reaching adult levels.

They drop significantly and stabilize at lower levels than in adults.

They decline by approximately 10%–20% and then stabilize at higher levels than in adults. (correct)

They remain high and stabilize rapidly.

Which of the following is NOT a possible etiology for rapid decreases in ionized Ca2+ concentrations in neonates?

Hypocalcemia (correct)

Abnormal PTH metabolism

Hypercholesterolemia

Hypomagnesemia

Which group of symptoms is primarily associated with severe hypocalcemia?

Neuromuscular irritability and cardiac irregularities (correct)

Fever and rash

Vomiting and diarrhea

Weight loss and lethargy

What ion levels are indicative of severe hypocalcemia in neonates?

Below 1.88 mmol/L (7.5 mg/dL) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with neuromuscular irritability due to hypocalcemia?

Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

Why might neonates experience a rapid decrease in ionized Ca2+ concentrations after birth?

They may lose calcium rapidly and not reabsorb it effectively. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neonatal Calcium Levels

Neonatal blood ionized calcium levels are high at birth, then decline 10-20% within 1-3 days.
After one week, ionized calcium stabilizes, slightly exceeding adult levels.
Rapid ionized calcium decrease in newborns may be due to inadequate calcium reabsorption.

Potential Causes of Hypocalcemia

Abnormal parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D metabolism.
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypophosphatemia
Hypomagnesemia

Hypocalcemia Symptoms

Primarily affects neuromuscular function and cardiac rhythm.
Neuromuscular symptoms include paresthesia, muscle cramps, tetany, and seizures.
Cardiac symptoms may include arrhythmias or heart block.
Symptoms often arise with severe hypocalcemia, when total calcium levels drop below 7.5 mg/dL (1.88 mmol/L).

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Description

This quiz covers the essential concepts of neonatal calcium levels and hypocalcemia. Understanding ionized calcium changes in newborns, potential causes of hypocalcemia, and the associated symptoms are crucial for neonatology. Test your knowledge on these critical topics related to neonatal health.