Neonatal Nursing Care Quiz

Nursing Management for Newborns

• Maintain airway and body temperature to prevent complications
• Monitor for signs of respiratory distress and infection to prevent sepsis
• Initiate early feedings and monitor for signs of aspiration
• Provide stimulation to promote healthy development

Large for Gestational Age (LGA)

• Defined as birth weight above the 90th percentile on an intrauterine growth chart for that gestational age
• May appear deceptively healthy at birth due to weight, but gestational age examination reveals immature development
• Risk factors include maternal diabetes mellitus, Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome, and multiparous women
• Clinical manifestations include gestational age, birth trauma, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, caput succedaneum, and cephalohematoma

Nursing Management for LGA

• Monitor vital signs and blood glucose levels to prevent hypoglycemia
• Initiate early feeding and monitor for signs of aspiration
• Monitor for infections and initiate measures to prevent sepsis
• Provide stimulation to promote healthy development

Medical Management for LGA

• Cesarean section may be necessary
• Prevention and treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia through intravenous glucose or frequent feedings
• Respiratory support, including supplemental oxygen or ventilator, may be required to treat respiratory distress syndrome

Small for Gestational Age (SGA)

• Defined as birth weight below average for gestational age
• May be born preterm, term, or post-term
• Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may occur due to maternal, environmental, placental, or fetal factors

Risk Factors for SGA

• Genetic factors, such as maternal disease or viral infections
• Placental factors, such as placental insufficiency
• Fetal factors, such as fetal distress or physical abnormalities

Clinical Manifestations of SGA

• Below average weight, length, and head circumference
• Signs of fetal distress, such as lowered or elevated body temperature
• Physical abnormalities
• Gestational age and physical maturity may be affected

Complications of SGA

• Meconium aspiration
• Excess red blood cells (polycythemia)
• Difficulty regulating body temperature
• Impaired immune system
• Low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia)