Questions and Answers
Your patient has respiratory acidosis. Your patient has: (select all that apply)
What acid-base imbalance is a patient with pneumonia in 4 lobes, a RR of 52, and a SpO2 of 78 exhibiting?
If your patient is on a PCA pump, what acid-base imbalance will cause you to take them off of it?
If your male patient comes in with hyper-emesis, what acid-base imbalance would he have?
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If a male patient comes in with prolonged hyper-emesis that has led to dehydration, what acid-base imbalance would they have?
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If an infant comes in with diarrhea, what acid-base imbalance is anticipated?
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If your patient is in kidney failure, what acid-base imbalance do you expect to see?
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If a patient has third degree (full thickness) burns over 60% of their body in the first phase, what acid-base imbalance do you expect to see?
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How often do you suction patients?
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You have a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), what is the best dietary route to take?
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A young boy with type one diabetes comes into the E.R. with a blood glucose of 800, what is the best question to ask his parents to determine the cause of the DKA?
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In what position should you put an opisthotonus baby?
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Your patient has hyperkalemia, select all that apply:
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Study Notes
Respiratory Acidosis
- Characterized by decreased gas exchange and potential underventilation, leading to increased carbon dioxide levels.
- Common causes include conditions like pneumonia and use of PCA pumps, which can depress respirations.
Acid-Base Imbalances Related to Vomiting
- Vomiting results in loss of stomach acid, leading to metabolic alkalosis.
- Prolonged hyper-emesis can cause dehydration, resulting in metabolic acidosis due to a shift in electrolyte balance.
Diarrhea and Acid-Base Imbalance
- Diarrhea often leads to metabolic acidosis as it results in fluid and electrolyte loss.
- Notably, conditions like kidney failure can also predispose to metabolic acidosis due to the kidney's impaired ability to excrete acids.
Body Burns and Acid-Base Status
- Extensive third-degree burns can lead to metabolic acidosis due to significant fluid loss and potential infection.
Suctioning Protocol
- Suctioning should be performed as needed rather than on a fixed schedule to avoid excessive secretions that may be stimulated by frequent suctioning.
Diabetes Management
- For type 2 diabetes, the most effective approach includes calorie restriction alongside meal frequency adjustments.
- In cases of type 1 diabetes and events like DKA, respiratory infections are common precipitating factors due to the body's stress response.
Positioning of Infants
- Infants presenting with opisthotonus (hyperextension of the neck and back) should be placed on their side to ensure safety and monitor for complications such as kernicterus.
Hyperkalemia Symptoms
- Key symptoms include clonus (muscle spasms) and bradycardia (slowed heart rate).
- U waves on an ECG may indicate cardiac issues due to potassium imbalance.
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Description
Test your knowledge with NCLEX review flashcards based on Mark K's teachings. This quiz focuses on key concepts like respiratory acidosis and pneumonia, helping you grasp essential nursing principles. Perfect for nursing students preparing for the NCLEX exam.
