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Questions and Answers

What is primarily relied upon today to understand food?

  • Modern science (correct)
  • Traditional food practices
  • Historical studies
  • Personal experiences

What is the main focus of nutrition science?

  • The technological aspects of food preservation
  • The properties of food substances
  • The nourishment provided by food to the body (correct)
  • The process of food production

Which statement best describes the relationship between science and technology?

  • They are inseparable and interdependent. (correct)
  • Technology can exist without scientific findings.
  • Science applies only to natural phenomena.
  • Science is independent of technology.

What does food science primarily aim to achieve?

<p>Invent new food products and methods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes food from nutrients?

<p>Foods are sources of nutrients but not nutrients themselves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes modern science?

<p>Systematic and organized study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which other sciences are mentioned as studying food production systems?

<p>Agricultural science and environmental science (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does technology play in the context of food?

<p>It manipulates nature for practical food-related purposes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are science and technology viewed in relation to culture?

<p>Their interdependence is culturally recognized. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines technology in the food context?

<p>Manipulation of nature for food production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines nutrients in foods?

<p>They are chemically identified components that provide nourishment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrates are considered digestible?

<p>Sugars and starches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nutrition science?

<p>To understand food and its nutrient composition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many types of amino acids are known in living cells?

<p>20 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a category of fats?

<p>Trans fats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of vitamins are classified as fat soluble?

<p>Vitamins A, D, E, K (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is not classified as a trace mineral?

<p>Calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What represents a common misconception about foods?

<p>All foods are composed of a single nutrient. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a phytochemical mentioned?

<p>Vitamin C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the complexity of the foods we eat?

<p>Foods are complex sources of multiple nutrients. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of technoscience as defined in the content?

<p>It encompasses both intended and unintended consequences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the characteristic of materialism in modern sciences imply?

<p>Living organisms are merely physical systems governed by matter's laws. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of reductionism in the context of nutrition science?

<p>Complex phenomena are reducible to their simplest physical and chemical components. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of issues do technoscientific controversies related to food typically involve?

<p>A blend of technical, social, political, and ethical issues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to consider culture when studying nutrition science?

<p>Understanding food requires integrating its political, economic, and cultural contexts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of food science does the content suggest should not be overlooked?

<p>The political and social contexts surrounding food. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does experimentalism in modern sciences specifically emphasize?

<p>Deriving scientific explanations from experimental support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between nutrition science and food technoscience described in the content?

<p>They share several characteristics of the modern sciences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The complexity of food, nutrient requirements, and metabolism signifies that they are mainly influenced by which of the following?

<p>Cultural and societal factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which issue is NOT typically associated with technoscientific controversies in the context of food?

<p>Cultural perceptions of food. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pollutants is classified as a Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP)?

<p>DDT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process by which the concentration of a pollutant increases as it moves up the food chain?

<p>Biomagnification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as an intentional chemical contaminant?

<p>PCBs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heavy metal is specifically mentioned as an unintentional chemical contaminant?

<p>Lead (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical is known to be derived from plastic and has potential hormone-disrupting effects?

<p>BPA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pollutants are considered endocrine disruptors that can damage reproductive systems?

<p>Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with the accumulation of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the body?

<p>Increased allergies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is associated with pollution from industrial waste and acts as a chemical contaminant?

<p>Methylmercury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sodium nitrites are known to form which potentially harmful compounds?

<p>Nitrosamines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical is associated with bioaccumulation in organisms due to its long environmental persistence?

<p>PFOA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical contaminant is primarily associated with cookware?

<p>PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of chemical contaminant is associated with fire retardants?

<p>PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical contaminant is linked to the production of vinyl chloride?

<p>PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyl ethers), furans, and dioxins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the contaminant associated with old transformers.

<p>PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyl ethers), furans, and dioxins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food allergens are recognized as common triggers for immune responses?

<p>Soy, milk, and tree nuts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes celiac disease's relation to allergens?

<p>It is caused by gluten found in wheat and related grains. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is known to leach from plastic containers into food?

<p>BPA (bisphenol-A) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What health risks are associated with prolonged exposure to PCBs?

<p>Reproductive issues and immune system effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of allergens is NOT commonly associated with food allergies?

<p>Vegetables and fruits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of health risks are posed by contaminants like PFOA?

<p>Long-term endocrine disruption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pollutants is classified as having a long-lasting effect on ecosystems due to its persistence in the environment?

<p>Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern related to the accumulation of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in human health?

<p>Endocrine system disruption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical compound is a known byproduct of cooking with Teflon cookware?

<p>Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is considered an intentional chemical contaminant?

<p>Pesticides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is NOT classified as an unintentional chemical contaminant?

<p>Fungicides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does bioamplification refer to in environmental science?

<p>The increase of pollutant concentration up the food chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heavy metal is commonly recognized as a toxic unintentional contaminant in food sources?

<p>Methylmercury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following practices is essential for preventing the accumulation of toxic compounds in the food supply?

<p>Awareness and regulation of Persistent Organic Pollutants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of chemical contaminant is primarily linked to the use of certain agricultural chemicals?

<p>Pesticides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical is primarily associated with hormonal disruption in livestock?

<p>Synthetic estrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical contaminant is commonly associated with the use of non-stick cookware?

<p>PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contaminant is closely linked to the production of modern fire retardants?

<p>PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contaminants is not commonly derived from the degradation of older electrical equipment?

<p>PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which contaminant is typically generated during the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?

<p>PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common allergen found in many food products?

<p>Gluten (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical contaminant has been used in older fire retardant formulations?

<p>PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary allergen is associated with an anomalous immune response in sensitive individuals?

<p>Shellfish (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical is associated with leaching from plastic containers, potentially affecting human health?

<p>BPA (bisphenol-A) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following chemical substances is primarily derived from the release of industrial pollutants?

<p>PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reactions is triggered when an allergen comes into contact with a sensitized individual's immune system?

<p>Anaphylaxis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Science

The systematic study of the natural world to gain knowledge.

Technology

Using nature for practical purposes, creating tools and systems.

Nutrition science

The study of how food nourishes the body.

Food science & technology

Study of food properties to make new foods, preservation and processing methods.

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Foods vs. Nutrients

Foods are what we eat; nutrients are the substances in foods that provide nourishment.

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Modern Science

Science that is developed and applied in recent times.

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Food Production Methods

Methods used to grow and prepare food, often based on industrial technology.

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Science & Technology Relationship

Modern science and technology are intertwined and support each other in the study of food.

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Human Nutritional Needs

The body's requirements for nutrients to function properly.

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Agricultural Science

Scientific study of food production systems (like farming).

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Nutrients

Chemically identified components of foods that provide nourishment.

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Macronutrients

Nutrients needed in relatively large amounts for growth and maintenance.

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Micronutrients

Nutrients needed in smaller amounts, often playing critical roles in biochemical processes.

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Carbohydrates

Organic compounds including sugars, starches, and fiber.

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Fats

Lipids crucial for energy storage, insulation and cell structure.

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Proteins

Large molecules made of amino acids essential for building and repairing tissues.

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Minerals

Inorganic elements essential for various bodily functions.

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Vitamins

Essential organic compounds needed in small amounts for various bodily functions.

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Phytochemicals

Naturally occurring chemicals in plants providing potential health benefits.

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Water

Essential for transporting nutrients throughout the body and regulating body temperature.

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Technoscience

A field combining technology and science, often with significant consequences, both positive and negative.

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Food Technoscience

The application of science and technology to food production, processing, and consumption, with multiple aspects such as political, social, ethical and economical.

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Materialism

The idea that all that exists is physical matter and energy.

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Reductionism

Breaking down complex things into simpler components.

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Experimentalism

Using experiments to test and support scientific explanations.

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Modern science characteristics

Materialism, reductionism and experimentalism.

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Nutrition Science

The scientific study of nutrients and how they affect the body.

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Food controversies

Disagreements or debates about food-related issues which involve technical, social, political and ethical concepts.

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Food and Culture

Food is strongly connected to different societies and beliefs.

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Complex topics

Food, nutrient requirements, and metabolism are very complex subjects.

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Chemical Contaminants in Cookware

Substances found in cookware that can be harmful when ingested.

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Fire Retardants

Chemicals added to products to prevent fires.

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Vinyl Chloride Production

Raw materials used in producing vinyl chloride.

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Old Transformers

A source of specific types of chemical contaminants.

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Allergen

A substance that can trigger an adverse immune response in certain individuals.

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Common Allergens

Foods frequently implicated as allergens.

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Celiac Disease

An autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten.

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Food Toxins

Harmful substances that can be present in food and water.

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Food Protection

Steps to reduce the intake of harmful food and water.

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Health Hazards

Potential risks to health from toxins.

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Intentional Chemical Contaminants

Substances deliberately added to food, for example, pesticides or hormones.

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Unintentional Chemical Contaminants

Substances that accidentally get into food, such as heavy metals.

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Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

Toxic chemicals lasting a long time in the environment, moving around and harming humans and nature.

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Bioaccumulation

Pollutants building up in an organism.

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Biomagnification

Pollutant concentration growing greater as you move up a food chain.

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Sodium Nitrites/Nitrates

Food additives used to preserve color and prevent food spoilage.

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Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Chemicals formed through cooking or burning foods, with possible health risks.

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Plastic Additives (e.g., Phthalates)

Substances added to plastics, some of which may be harmful.

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Bisphenol A (BPA)

Chemical in some plastics potentially harmful to health.

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PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic acid)

Chemical found in certain non-stick cookware, potentially harmful.

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Intentional chemical contaminant

A substance deliberately added to food, such as pesticides or hormones.

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Chemical Contaminants in Cookware

Harmful substances found in cookware materials that can be ingested.

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Fire Retardants

Chemicals added to products to prevent fires.

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Unintentional chemical contaminant

A substance that accidentally gets into food, such as heavy metals.

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Vinyl Chloride Production

The manufacturing process that creates vinyl chloride.

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Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

Toxic chemicals that last a long time in the environment and move around, harming people and nature.

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Bioaccumulation

Pollutants building up in an organism's tissues.

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Old Transformers

Source of specific types of chemical contaminants, often related to electrical equipment.

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Biomagnification

Increased concentration of pollutants as they move up the food chain.

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Allergen

A substance that can trigger an adverse immune response in certain individuals.

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Common Allergens

Certain foods frequently causing allergic reactions.

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Heavy Metals

Harmful metallic elements, such as mercury, lead, and cadmium.

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Pesticides

Chemicals used to kill pests.

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Celiac Disease

An autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten.

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Sodium Nitrites/Nitrates

Food additives used to preserve color and prevent spoilage.

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Food Toxins

Harmful substances potentially present in food and water.

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Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Chemicals formed when foods are cooked or burned, potentially harmful.

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Food Protection

Steps and measures to reduce intake of harmful substances in food and water.

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Health Hazards

Potential risks to health caused by toxins.

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Food Toxins

Harmful substances in food or water.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course name: NATS1560: Understanding Food
  • Course instructor: Angela Cope
  • Course contact email: [email protected]

Learning Objectives

  • Define science and technology and explain how they relate to food
  • Describe the main characteristics of modern science
  • Define nutrition science and food science & technology
  • Differentiate between foods and nutrients
  • Preview human nutritional needs

Understanding Food

  • Modern science is used to understand food
  • Food production and processing rely heavily on industrial technology
  • Nutrition science studies how food provides nourishment
  • Food science/technology research food properties to create/improve food products and preservation methods
  • Other fields like agricultural and environmental science also study food production systems

Science and Technology

  • Science is the systematic study of the natural world, producing knowledge.
  • Technology manipulates nature for practical purposes, creating artifacts and systems.
  • Science and technology are social processes with defined knowledge, training, organization, and interactions.
  • They are closely linked, often referred to as "technoscience"
  • Technoscience has significant consequences (good and bad, intended and unintended)
  • Often creates technical, social, political, and ethical controversies

Science and Technology Meet Food

  • Nutrition science and food technoscience share modern science characteristics
  • Materialism: living organisms are physical systems governed by laws of matter and energy.
  • Reductionism: complex phenomena are reducible to interactions of simple components (atoms, molecules)
  • Experimentalism: scientific explanations are derived and tested through experiments.
  • Food technoscience faces many technical, social, political, and ethical issues.

Importance of Understanding Food

  • Food, nutrient requirements, and metabolism are complex.
  • Food is integrated into culture.
  • Nutrition science, while reductionist and materialist, is incomplete without considering the whole political, economic, cultural, and social context when studying food.

Foods and Nutrients

  • Foods are substances we eat.
  • Nutrients are the chemically identified parts of food that provide nourishment
  • Most foods are composed of numerous nutrients, not simple combinations.
  • Nutrition aims to understand nutrients required for a healthy diet, including specific quantities and functions.

Human Nutrients

  • Water is essential
  • Carbohydrates (simple and complex, digestible and indigestible)
  • Fats (saturated, unsaturated)
  • Proteins (many different types from amino acids)
  • Minerals (major and trace)
  • Vitamins (water and fat soluble)
  • Phytochemicals (still under study)

Review Questions

  • What is an example of a food?
  • What is an example of a nutrient?
  • How are nutrients related to foods?
  • What are the nutrients our bodies use for energy?

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Related Documents

NATS1560: Understanding Food Week 1 Part 1 Science and Technology Lecture Notes PDF
Food Gone Bad Lecture 5.2 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the relationship between science, technology, and food with this quiz for NATS1560. Explore key concepts like nutrition science and the processing of food. Assess your understanding of the characteristics and significance of modern science in food production.

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