15 Questions
Who led the Modoc to resist attacks for a long time?
Kintpuash, known as Capitan Jack
Which tribes joined together for the 'Sun Dance' ceremony?
The Sioux of Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, and the Cheyenne of Two Moons
What was the outcome of the Battle of Little Big Horn?
The Native Americans, led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, emerged victorious
Why did the Cheyenne and Arapaho Natives attempt to escape from the reserves?
Because the reserves were dry and devoid of wildlife
What was the significance of the Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934?
It allowed Native Americans to obtain some extra rights and the return of a small part of their abandoned territories
What was the consequence of Captain Jack's capture for the Modoc?
The Modoc's resistance to attacks came to an end.
Why did General Custer's attack against the Native Americans ultimately fail?
He did not wait for reinforcements and was overwhelmed by the organised defence of the Native Americans.
What was the promise made by the US government to the Cheyenne and Arapaho when they agreed to move to the reserves?
The Natives could return to their lands if the reserves were not to their liking.
What was the outcome of the Chippewa's revolt against being relegated to the reserves?
It ended in a blood bath.
What were the goals of the sensitive associations formed from 1900 onwards?
To safeguard the culture and life of the peoples in the reserves.
What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830, and what was its consequence?
A law that forced many Southeast tribes to leave their lands, moving west to the Great Mississippi River.
How did the Navajo respond to the demand to move to a reserve in New Mexico?
They refused, leading to attacks by General Carleton and Kit Carson, until they finally accepted the transfer after years of struggle.
What was the response of Colonel Chivington to the Cheyenne seizing a freight train in 1864?
He attacked the village of Sand Creek, killing women and children, despite the Indians waving the white flag in surrender.
How did the Sioux react to the Sand Creek Massacre?
They led by Red Cloud and Crazy Horse, avenged the massacre by driving an army regiment into an ambush, killing all the men.
Why did the Modoc flee from their reserve in 1872?
Because they did not get along with the Klamath, with whom they were confined in the same reserve.
Study Notes
Native American Conflicts and Removals
- In 1830, the Indian Removal Act was passed, leading to the forced relocation of many Southeast tribes to areas west of the Great Mississippi River.
- Between 1862 and 1868, General Carleton and Kit Carson attacked the Navajo, who eventually agreed to relocate to a reserve in eastern New Mexico after years of struggle.
Conflicts with Apache and Cheyenne
- The Apache, led by Mangas Coloradas and Cochise, faced similar treatment, while the Cheyenne seized a freight train in 1864, leading to Colonel Chivington's attack on the village of Sand Creek, despite the Indians waving the white flag.
Sioux Resistance and the Battle of Little Bighorn
- The Sioux, led by Red Cloud and Crazy Horse, avenged the Sand Creek massacre by ambushing and killing an entire army regiment.
- In 1876, the Sioux and Cheyenne joined forces, holding a Sun Dance ceremony, which was attacked by General Crook's troops. Crazy Horse and his men resisted and emerged victorious.
- Later that year, General Custer's troops attacked, but were overwhelmed in the Battle of Little Bighorn, the most significant Native American victory.
Resettlement and Resistance
- After the Battle of Little Bighorn, the Cheyenne and Arapaho agreed to live in reserves, with the promise of returning to their lands if the reserves were unsatisfactory.
- However, the reserves proved dry and devoid of wildlife, leading the Cheyenne and Arapaho to escape and return to their lands, led by Blunt Knife and Little Wolf.
Final Conflicts and Cultural Preservation
- Between 1891 and 1898, all Native Americans were relegated to reserves, with the exception of the Chippewa, who led a revolt that ended in a bloodbath.
- From 1900 onwards, associations were formed to safeguard Native American culture and life in the reserves.
- In 1934, the Indian Reorganisation Act granted the Indians some rights and allowed them to regain a small part of their lost territories.
Native American Conflicts and Removals
- In 1830, the Indian Removal Act was passed, leading to the forced relocation of many Southeast tribes to areas west of the Great Mississippi River.
- Between 1862 and 1868, General Carleton and Kit Carson attacked the Navajo, who eventually agreed to relocate to a reserve in eastern New Mexico after years of struggle.
Conflicts with Apache and Cheyenne
- The Apache, led by Mangas Coloradas and Cochise, faced similar treatment, while the Cheyenne seized a freight train in 1864, leading to Colonel Chivington's attack on the village of Sand Creek, despite the Indians waving the white flag.
Sioux Resistance and the Battle of Little Bighorn
- The Sioux, led by Red Cloud and Crazy Horse, avenged the Sand Creek massacre by ambushing and killing an entire army regiment.
- In 1876, the Sioux and Cheyenne joined forces, holding a Sun Dance ceremony, which was attacked by General Crook's troops. Crazy Horse and his men resisted and emerged victorious.
- Later that year, General Custer's troops attacked, but were overwhelmed in the Battle of Little Bighorn, the most significant Native American victory.
Resettlement and Resistance
- After the Battle of Little Bighorn, the Cheyenne and Arapaho agreed to live in reserves, with the promise of returning to their lands if the reserves were unsatisfactory.
- However, the reserves proved dry and devoid of wildlife, leading the Cheyenne and Arapaho to escape and return to their lands, led by Blunt Knife and Little Wolf.
Final Conflicts and Cultural Preservation
- Between 1891 and 1898, all Native Americans were relegated to reserves, with the exception of the Chippewa, who led a revolt that ended in a bloodbath.
- From 1900 onwards, associations were formed to safeguard Native American culture and life in the reserves.
- In 1934, the Indian Reorganisation Act granted the Indians some rights and allowed them to regain a small part of their lost territories.
This quiz covers the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and its impact on Native American tribes, including the forced relocation of Southeast tribes and the treatment of the Navajo tribe.
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