Nationalism and Propaganda in Conflict
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Questions and Answers

What was Prime Minister King's most memorable slogan regarding conscription?

  • Necessity dictates national security.
  • Only conscription can ensure victory.
  • Conscription should be avoided at all costs.
  • Not necessarily conscription, but conscription if necessary. (correct)

What solution did King propose instead of national conscription in 1944?

  • Full military enlistment.
  • Imposing mandatory service for all citizens.
  • Home defense troops, known as 'Zombies'. (correct)
  • Drawing from international military support.

How did the public react to the sending of 'Zombies' overseas?

  • It was met with widespread support.
  • Most troops volunteered willingly.
  • There were violent protests by the troops. (correct)
  • Citizens were indifferent to the situation.

What was the outcome of the conscription plebiscite for King and the Liberal Party?

<p>It led to a split within the party. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did King imply would be the government's approach to the conscription issue?

<p>The government should make independent decisions based on national considerations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What rights were denied to Japanese-Canadians during the evacuation process?

<p>The right to own cameras, radios, and firearms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many Japanese-Canadian men were placed in enforced labour camps?

<p>1000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the 'Zombies' initially supposed to represent?

<p>Home defense troops with limited overseas deployment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where were the majority of Japanese-Canadians housed during the internment?

<p>In detention camps in British Columbia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements reflects King's view on the conscription debate?

<p>Conscription is a military matter best discussed in parliament. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the fate of property that Japanese-Canadians could not carry during evacuations?

<p>It was placed in government custody and sold off (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant concern regarding conscription in 1944?

<p>High casualties among enlisted troops. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many families of Japanese-Canadians were placed on farms or at sites outside protected areas?

<p>Mainly families wishing to stay together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What racial sentiments were prevalent in the society Joy Kogawa grew up in?

<p>Racist acts were tolerated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many suspicious individuals were identified as potential threats during the internment?

<p>700 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of work did Joy Kogawa's family do in the internment camp?

<p>Fieldwork on sugar beet farms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was in charge of immigration policy that welcomed eastern European farmers to Canada?

<p>Clifford Sifton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of people were primarily targeted as 'enemy aliens' during the First World War in Canada?

<p>Germans, Austro-Hungarians, Ukrainians, and Turks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What Act was passed that allowed the Canadian government to detain individuals suspected of being enemies during World War I?

<p>The War Measures Act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were 'enemy aliens' required to do during World War I in Canada?

<p>Register with police and carry identification cards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of work were the internees in Canadian camps primarily expected to do?

<p>Farming and mining (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What misconception might exist regarding the origins of the 'stalwart peasants' welcomed to Canada?

<p>They mainly were eastern European farmers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the internment period, which demographic was least likely to be interned?

<p>Naturalized citizens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many people of German and other descent were estimated to be living in Canada by 1914?

<p>100,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor that limited Germany's resources for industrial growth after unification?

<p>Lack of colonies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event ultimately led to German victory over France and the acquisition of Alsace-Lorraine?

<p>Franco-Prussian War (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What natural resources made Alsace-Lorraine economically significant to Germany?

<p>Coal and iron ore (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Germany's economic status change by the year 1900?

<p>It became Germany's economic rival to Britain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the Franco-Prussian War?

<p>Disputes over royal succession in Spain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Britain's primary advantage that contributed to its economic strength during this period?

<p>Extensive empire and naval power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sentiment remained strong in Alsace-Lorraine after its annexation by Germany?

<p>Anti-German sentiment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Germany's development of a naval force impact relations with Britain?

<p>It was interpreted as a threat to British military strength. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Chamberlain suggest would be a preferable way to resolve the issue of territory transfer?

<p>Through mutual agreement to assure fair treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Chamberlain's view toward armed conflict?

<p>It is a nightmare he hopes to avoid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition does Chamberlain express regarding Britain's involvement in war?

<p>It must involve broader issues than just one nation's conflict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Chamberlain describe his feelings about peace?

<p>He is a man of peace deeply committed to avoiding war (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Chamberlain identify as a key factor when considering going to war?

<p>The necessity of defending larger issues at stake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Chamberlain believe is always possible as long as war has not started?

<p>Preventing war remains a hope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Chamberlain hope to achieve by working for peace until the last moment?

<p>Avoiding escalation into a full-scale war (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concern does Chamberlain raise regarding the nature of domination by any nation?

<p>It would make life intolerable for those believing in liberty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What slogan emerged during the Meiji period to promote national strength?

<p>Enrich the country, strengthen the military. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Japan's historical nationalism prior to the Meiji period?

<p>Isolation from the Industrial Revolution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Meiji period, how did Japan address its resource shortages?

<p>By engaging in colonization and imperialism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the state religion adopted in Japan in the mid-19th century?

<p>Shinto (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept was used to justify Japan's perceived superiority over other Asian peoples?

<p>The divine right of the emperor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did State Shinto emphasize in Japanese society?

<p>A noble past and superior racial lineage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main motivations behind Japan's rapid industrialization during the Meiji period?

<p>The need for military expansion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Meiji period affect Japan's international relations?

<p>It opened Japan to foreign influences and trade. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

National Interest

The goals and priorities considered important for a nation's well-being and advancement.

Conscription Crisis

A time of political conflict and social division over mandatory military service.

King's Approach

Mackenzie King's strategy to address wartime conscription, focusing on leaving the decision up to Parliament.

Plebiscite on Conscription

A public vote on the issue of compulsory military service.

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Zombies

Nickname for the Canadian Home Defence troops during World War II.

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Military Question

A matter that primarily concerns the military, such as conscription levels and deployment.

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"Not necessarily conscription, but conscription if necessary"

Mackenzie King's famous slogan, demonstrating his approach to the conscription debate in WWII.

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Parliament

The legislative body of Canada, responsible for making laws and deciding on matters of national importance.

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Clifford Sifton's ideal immigrant

A strong, rural farmer from Eastern Europe with a family, ideally with 10 generations of farming heritage.

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Pre-WW1 Canadian immigrants

primarily Eastern European farmers, not British.

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Enemy Aliens (WW1)

People of German, Austrian, Hungarian, Ukrainian, or Turkish descent, viewed with suspicion during WWI.

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War Measures Act

Gave the Canadian government broad powers to arrest and detain anyone suspected of being a threat during war.

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Internment Camps

Locations where enemy aliens were imprisoned during WWI.

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Enemy Alien Restrictions

Forced registration, carrying identification cards, and restrictions on owning weapons for enemy aliens in urban areas.

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Public Hostility

Strong negative feelings toward people from enemy countries during WWI, fuelled by rumors of invasion and sabotage.

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Canadian Population Before WWI

Included many people from countries Canada was at war with.

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Japanese-Canadian Evacuations

The forced removal of Japanese-Canadians from their homes and businesses, with their property taken and subsequently sold by the government.

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Detention Camps

Places where Japanese-Canadians were held under government custody, limiting their freedoms and activities.

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Confiscated Property

The seizure of Japanese-Canadian belongings, including homes and businesses, by the government.

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Restricted Activities

Limitations on the everyday activities of those living in detention camps.

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Forced Labor Camps

Camps where Japanese-Canadian men were forced to work for the government.

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Civil Liberties Suspension

The temporary end of basic rights for certain groups, specifically, Japanese-Canadians, during wartime.

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Evacuees' Property

All possessions that could not be carried by evacuees were placed under the government.

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Japanese-Canadian Internment

The forced imprisonment and relocation of Japanese-Canadians during wartime based on their ethnicity.

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Chamberlain's Perspective on War

Chamberlain believed war should only be fought for significant reasons, like preventing global domination, not for smaller conflicts. He prioritized British national interests over immediate involvement in smaller nations' disputes.

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British National Interests

Chamberlain believed Britain's national interest was tied to avoiding or limiting wars, and preventing domination by force.

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Czechoslovakia's Territory

Hitler’s demand and the Czech government’s agreement to transfer territory to Germany, potentially involving populations in the affected regions.

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Fair Treatment of Populations

Chamberlain hoped for a transfer arrangement that would treat the people impacted by the territory transfer fairly.

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Hitler's Actions

Hitler's pursuit of national interests through armed conflict.

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Chamberlain's Peace Efforts

Chamberlain's commitment to preventing war and a call for calm reflection.

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Global Domination Prevention

Chamberlain argued that a nation aiming to dominate the world by force should be resisted.

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Chamberlain's Perspective on War's Stakes

Chamberlain believed war should only concern significant issues, and that those choices should be carefully considered.

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German Economic Growth

Germany's rapid industrial growth after unification put them in economic competition with other powers like Britain and France by 1900

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Franco-Prussian War Cause

Long-standing rivalry between France and Germany, disputes over who controlled Spain, and Prussia's desire for territory and resources led to this war.

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Alsace-Lorraine

A French region rich in resources (coal, iron ore), valuable for industrial growth

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German Naval Development

Germany's decision to build a navy challenged Britain's naval dominance and economic power, thus increasing tension.

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British Empire

Britain's economic strength was majorly dependent on its widespread empire

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German Colonial Limitations

Germany's lack of colonies hindered their access to raw materials needed for industrial growth and economic development.

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Economic Competition (1900)

By 1900, Germany became an important economic rival to Britain, surpassing them in several areas.

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Franco-German Rivalry

Long-standing conflicts and competition between France and Germany over territories and resources

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Meiji Period Ultranationalism

A period of strong Japanese nationalism during the Meiji era (1868-1912), marked by a focus on national strength and military power.

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Japan's Resource Poverty

Japan's limited natural resources, despite rapid industrialization during the Meiji period.

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State Shinto

The state religion of Japan in the mid-19th century, promoting national unity and a belief in the emperor as a divine figure.

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"Enrich the Country, Strengthen the Military"

A popular slogan during the Meiji period that highlighted Japan's focus on economic growth and military strength.

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Industrial Revolution Missed

Japan initially avoided the Industrial Revolution's influence, but later embraced modernization and industrialization.

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Japanese Nationalism (Historical)

Japan's long history of resisting foreign influence and maintaining national pride, even expelling foreigners.

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Meiji Period Modernization

The period of rapid industrialization and modernization in Japan from 1868 to 1912, opening the country to foreign influence.

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Imperial Dynasty

The unbroken line of emperors in Japan, considered divinely descended.

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Study Notes

Nationalism and Ultranationalism During Times of Conflict

  • Edmund Burke cautioned against Britain's unchecked ambition, predicting a potential alliance against them.
  • Nationalism and ultranationalism are expressions of a nation's pursuit of its interests.
  • Ultranationalism is an extreme form of nationalism often involving extreme patriotism, leading to conflicts and hindering international cooperation.
  • Nationalism influenced the pursuit of Canadian national interests during WWI and WWII, including conscription debates.

Analyzing Propaganda

  • Propaganda is the systematic effort to spread opinions and beliefs.
  • Propaganda commonly distorts information or uses deception.
  • Propaganda can manipulate emotions rather than reason, presenting one-sided viewpoints.
  • Techniques include bandwagon, card stacking, glittering generalities, name-calling, plain folks, and transfer.
  • Propaganda is used during wartime to inspire effort, boost morale, and discredit opponents.

Nationalism in Canada During WWI and WWII

  • At the start of the 20th century, Canada was still considered British subjects, not citizens.
  • Canada's involvement in WWI was due to its ties with Britain.
  • The Military Service Act of 1917, introducing conscription, created immense tension within the country and significantly impacted nationalism and divisions.
  • Conscription in WWII also caused division within the country due to resource depletion and fears of domestic unrest, and the fact that Canada was asked to provide troops above and beyond its proportional share.

Internment During WWI

  • Wartime rumors of invasion prompted the War Measures Act, giving the government power to arrest and detain those suspected of being enemies.
  • This led to internment camps for enemy aliens, including Ukrainians, impacting various groups and regions, particularly across Canada.
  • Public opinion and government action were influenced by wartime anxieties, fueling suspicion of minority populations.

German Unification and WWI

  • Germany's unification in 1870 and subsequent economic and technological advancement challenged Britain and France.
  • Economic rivalries and disputes over territories fueled conflicts, creating nationalist tensions across Europe, particularly impacting France and Germany's relations.
  • The Treaty of Versailles, ending WWI, imposed harsh terms on Germany. These terms included war guilt (Article 231) and significant reparations.

The Rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party

  • The Treaty of Versailles and the Great Depression fuelled extreme nationalism and resentments in Germany, contributing to the rise of the Nazi Party.
  • Hitler promised to liberate Germany from the Treaty's terms.
  • Hitler's expansionist policies were met with limited resistance, allowing German nationalism to grow stronger with each acquisition.

British Appeasement

  • Appeasement was the policy favored by Britain and France during the rise of Nazism, hoping to avoid another war.
  • Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister, believed appeasement was in Britain's national interest, aiming to resolve conflicts peacefully.
  • The policy was deemed a failure as it did not stop Hitler's aggression and ultimately contributed to the start of WWII.

Ultranationalism in Japan

  • Ultranationalism in Japan was linked to its desire to expand its territory and resources, creating a powerful national identity.
  • Imperialism and conflict with China, culminating in the Russo-Japanese War and subsequent annexation of territories, developed nationalistic tensions between Japan and its neighbors.
  • Ultranationalist sentiment was strengthened by State Shinto, prioritizing the emperor as divine and a central symbol of Japanese identity.

Ultranationalism in Italy

  • Italy's unification in the late 19th and early 20th centuries created a sense of national identity.
  • Nationalist aspirations were fueled by Mussolini's Fascist movement, leading to ultranationalist policies, including aggressive territorial expansion.
  • Italy allied with Nazi Germany, entering WWII, and ultimately switched sides during the conflict.

National interests in WWI and WWII

  • Nationalism and ultranationalism were significant factors in the conflicts that occurred in Germany, Italy, and Japan,
  • During times of conflict, countries tend to prioritize their national interests.

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Nationalism and Ultranationalism During Times of Conflict PDF

Description

Explore the concepts of nationalism and ultranationalism during key historical conflicts, particularly focusing on their roles in Canada during WWI and WWII. Analyze how propaganda was employed to manipulate public opinion and emotional responses, and its significance in war efforts. This quiz aims to deepen your understanding of the impact these elements have on society and international relations.

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