National Railway Regulations Below 200 km/h

• The regulations described are for national railways
• They are split by high-speed and regular-speed railways, with these regulations applying to regular railways operating below 200 km/h, excluding those exclusively for bullet trains
• All departments must adhere to these regulations, and no one can violate them unless they are modified by the railway company

General Principles

• Railways are crucial for the national economy, infrastructure, and public transit
• Integral to transportation, public welfare, resource conservation, and environmental friendliness
• Railway transportation requires coordination among all work stages to ensure safety, punctuality, convenience, speed, and efficiency according to laws, regulations, and technical standards

Employee Conduct

• Railway staff must strictly follow and implement these regulations
• They need to ensure safe production with responsibility to the country and people
• Praising those who excel in compliance, as well as penalizing those who violate, depending on the severity and consequences of the incident, with education or disciplinary action

Rescue Equipment

• Locomotives and self-propelled special equipment must have rerailers and wheel stops

Disaster Prevention

• Railway administrations issue flood prevention orders based on rainfall patterns, flood forecasts, and climate trends
• Formulating plans, conducting pre-flood inspections, addressing risks, completing projects, stockpiling materials and equipment, organizing repair teams, and establishing community-based flood control organizations
• Increased inspections during and after rainfall, strict enforcement of safety measures, strengthened monitoring of rainfall and water levels, and strict adherence to protection systems at key locations

Protective Measures

• Installing automatic alarms where feasible, establish monitoring instruments to watch bridges with large flows and unstable riverbeds
• They must understand hydrological and riverbed changes, and taking preventive measures, and informing related railway administrations before the flood season

Disaster Response

• Active emergency repairs following disasters to swiftly restore service
• Meeting required standards after equipment repairs
• Stepped-up lightning protection for electronic equipment, working toward lightning warning systems to mitigate natural disaster impacts

Cold Weather Preparation

• Preparing for winter conditions in advance
• Conducting training on cold weather operations, providing protective gear
• Performing equipment inspections, doing necessary pipe insulation, and doing anti-freeze work on equipment and materials
• They should stock enough winter materials, fuel, and tools, repairing snow removal equipment, and organizing snow removal teams

Heat Prevention

• Providing cooling in control rooms, staff rooms, and workshops
• Providing shade in outdoor locations
• Supplying heatstroke prevention items and drinks
• Inspecting cooling equipment before summer

Fire Safety

• Major areas must have fire extinguishers
• Units need to create fire organizations and inspect regularly

Traffic Safety Monitoring Equipment

• It is vital for ensuring railway transport safety
• Key functions include monitoring, recording, alarming, and storing data
• Must maintain performance, reliability, and undergo regular calibration
• Such equipment primarily includes onboard and ground-based monitoring systems for train vehicles, along with mobile and fixed monitoring devices for tracks, communications, signaling, power supply, and other infrastructure
• Also including station operation monitoring and natural disaster warning systems, and train safety warning systems

Information Sharing

• Systems should enable data sharing for transportation, traffic control, equipment maintenance, and accident analysis

Locomotive Equipment Maintenance

• Locomotive divisions/repair facilities are necessary for maintaining locomotives
• Divisions should be in key areas with large train traffic for efficient allocation
• Tracks for parking and maintenance should be level, with a gradient under 1‰

Required Equipment

• Locomotive divisions/repair facilities require equipment for operation, maintenance, inspection, and repair, including automated track management systems, inspection sheds or workshops, inspection pits, and platforms
• Also including equipment for refueling, adding water and lubricants, and performing various inspections, tests, cleaning, and maintenance tasks, as well as repair equipment and facilities
• Electrified lines should have sectional insulators, disconnecting switches, and interlocking signal lights
• Depots that operate/maintain diesel locomotives must stock a one- to two-month supply of fuel

Ferry Equipment

• Locomotive and railcar ferries require vessels, trestles, piers, maintenance equipment, and regular inspections per national regulations

Locomotives

Types

• Defined by power source (electric or diesel) and transmission (AC or DC)
• Locomotives must display the logo, railway name, model, number, speed, manufacturer, and date
• Labeling key parts and verification marks on monitoring devices.
• Electric locomotives must have "Electric Zone: No Climbing" signs
• Diesel locomotives likewise must have fuel type labels
• Required equipment on trains includes signaling systems, safety monitoring systems (LKJ, TAX box, voice recorders, data logging), radio communications, tail control devices, and increasingly on-board safety and anti-skid systems

Other Equipment

• The train must supply air to the train's braking system and auxiliary equipment
• Electric trains are equipped with automatic phase splitters, and pantograph monitoring systems

Maintenance

• Undergo preventative maintenance, centralized repairs of key components, and regular inspections
• The schedule is dependent on condition, mileage, and time, as per railway regulations
• Modification: AC drive locomotives are on a six-year, two-year, annual, semi-annual, quarterly or monthly schedule
• DC are on a full, medium, small or auxiliary schedule
• Shift towards predictive maintenance based on big data, failure prediction, and specialized/centralized repairs and overhauls

Other Regulations

• Locomotives undergo annual assessments (Modification)
• Crew schedules are set by the local railway authority

Operational Condition

• Before departure it is essential that locomotives must meet requirements, with all parts in good working order
• The height of the coupler must be 815–890 mm
• Wheelsets must be 1353 mm apart internally, ±3 mm, with secure tires/hubs
• No cracks in tire/hub, no more than 18 mm for vertical wear on the flange, and no more than 0.7 mm of imperfections on the wheel

Wheel Damage

• There must be no more than 40 mm of damage to the wheel surface and 1 mm of depth
• At a height of H above the wheel, thickness must meet standards set by the railway authority (original wheel thickness of 25 mm)
• No more than 7 mm of wear on the wheel, with up to 10 mm of wear on specialty wheels

Additional Requirements

• Locomotive depots perform inspections and maintenance per regulations
• Technicians must also test onboard signaling, control, and communications equipment
• Operations and maintenance teams share data from the locomotive safety systems