National Culture and Society in Jordan

The state of lacking a job, despite being able and willing to work. Often linked to economic challenges, but can also be affected by factors like education and skills gaps.

A complex issue with many interconnected factors, affecting those who lack basic necessities like food, housing, and healthcare. It often leads to social and political instability.

The practice of using force against a person without consent, often leading to injury or harm. It can take many forms and is frequently linked to social problems.

An ongoing increase in the number of people within a society, impacting resources, services, and opportunities. It's a major concern for many countries.

Focusing on the diverse religious and ethnic groups within a society, encouraging peaceful coexistence and mutual understanding.

Sharing a strong sense of unity and belonging within a country, often fostered by a shared history, language, and values. It's vital for societal cohesion and stability.

The participation of women in leadership positions and various fields, including education, politics, and the military, showcasing their talent and capabilities.

Programs and initiatives aimed at addressing the challenges of poverty and unemployment in Jordan, focusing on creating job opportunities, developing skills, and supporting vulnerable groups.

The ability of a country's government to protect its citizens, economy, and institutions from threats within and outside the country.

A state's authority to govern itself without being controlled by other countries.

A government's ability to rule its people within its own borders.

A stable group of people living within a state.

Established borders and geographical boundaries.

A centralized authority to govern and implement laws.

The ability to engage in relationships with other countries.

The ability to influence change and enforce order within a state's territories and internationally.

The 1948 Arab-Israeli War resulted in the displacement of Palestinians and the creation of Israel. Jordan played a significant role in supporting the Palestinian refugees, particularly through the Arab Legion. King Abdullah I, who led the Arab Legion, saw Jordan as a crucial protector of Palestinian refugees.

In December 1948, Palestinian leaders in the West Bank, led by notables, gathered in Jericho and voted to join Jordan under King Abdullah I. This decision countered the Arab League's suggestion to establish a separate Palestinian government.

Jordan merged the West Bank with the East Bank to create a unified kingdom, a process that was completed in 1950. The newly formed Jordanian parliament had equal representation from both banks, reflecting their political integration. Jordan granted citizenship to Palestinians residing in the West Bank, fully integrating them into the country's social and political structures.

This refers to a period between 1951 and 1953, marked by changes in Jordan's leadership and notable events surrounding the Palestinian cause.

King Abdullah I, a key figure in the union of Jordan and the West Bank, was assassinated in 1951 at the Al-Aqsa Mosque. This tragic incident is attributed to Palestinian nationalists who opposed his conciliatory stance towards Israel.

Despite his short reign, King Talal introduced progressive reforms during his time as King of Jordan (1951-1952). These reforms included a new constitution in 1952 aimed at liberalizing Jordan's governance, reflecting a change in political direction.

King Abdullah I's vision focused on consolidating territories and offering refuge for displaced Palestinians. He believed that uniting Jordan and Palestine would be a step towards wider Arab unity.

The unification of Jordan and the West Bank was recognized by Britain but faced resistance from Egypt and Saudi Arabia. These states opposed the unification, believing it weakened the Palestinian cause.

A major threat to Jordanian national security. This involves groups like ISIS and others promoting extremist ideologies and violence.

Activities like smuggling, illegal migration, and armed groups crossing borders pose a big threat to Jordan's security.

Jordan is vulnerable to cyberattacks, data theft, and digital espionage. This makes protecting online systems a key priority.

Conflicts in neighboring countries like Syria and Iraq mean refugees and violence spread across borders, harming Jordan's security.

Jordan faces economic challenges like unemployment, poverty, and scarcity. These can create social unrest and instability.

Jordan's national security is closely linked to the security of other Arab nations, highlighting the importance of regional cooperation.

Building a professional military is a cornerstone of Jordan's security strategy. It means skilled, disciplined soldiers.

Globalization has increased Jordan's trade, development, and cultural exchange, boosting its integration into the global economy.

Globalization exposes Jordan to global threats like terrorism, cybercrime, and illicit trafficking, demanding stronger security measures and international collaborations.

Conflict zones like Syria and Iraq impact Jordan through cross-border violence, refugee influxes, and extremist ideas spreading.

Conflicts disrupt trade, energy supplies, and diplomatic relations, damaging Jordan's economic and social stability.

Hosting millions of refugees, mainly from Syria and Palestine, strains Jordan's infrastructure, economy, and public services.

Competition for jobs and services among refugees and locals can lead to societal tensions, potential radicalization, and unrest in refugee-hosting areas.

Tensions among key regional players like Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Israel create a volatile environment, indirectly affecting Jordan's security.

Jordan faces challenges from climate change and population growth in its water resources, being one of the world's most water-scarce nations.

King Talal established the foundations for Jordan's modern constitutional monarchy by enacting the 1952 Constitution, which included provisions for civil liberties, the rule of law, and the political role of the monarchy.

King Hussein, though facing challenges like Cold War politics and Arab nationalism, maintained alliances with both Western and Arab nations.

King Hussein's rule was characterized by efforts to stabilize Jordan, guiding the country through regional challenges, and ensuring its independence.

King Hussein played a key role in mediating peace talks, like the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel.

King Hussein focused on improving Jordan's standard of living by implementing economic development strategies, infrastructure projects, and social welfare programs.

King Hussein's reign saw increased literacy rates, expanded schools, and the establishment of universities like the University of Jordan (1962), significantly enhancing Jordan's education sector.

King Hussein's educational reforms made Jordan a leader in the region, producing a skilled workforce, and contributing to the country's social and economic progress.

In 1991, King Hussein introduced the Jordanian National Charter, which promoted national unity through political reforms, emphasizing democratization, political pluralism, and the rule of law, allowing for the formation of political parties.