Narcissistic and Paranoid Personality Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What characteristic is primarily associated with narcissistic individuals following social rejection?

They typically remain calm and collected.

They show increased empathy towards those around them.

They often seek to strengthen their relationships.

They tend to become angry and violent toward others. (correct)

Which treatment type is mentioned as being only marginally helpful for patients with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)?

Behavioral activation

Psychoanalytic psychotherapy (correct)

Supportive therapy

Exposure therapy

Which feature of Narcissistic Personality Disorder is likely to impede progress in therapies that involve mentalization?

Ability to engage in self-reflection

Strong therapeutic alliance

Perfectionism and blame (correct)

Increased need for affiliation

What treatment approach is suggested for promoting change in patients with NPD?

Promotion of self-awareness and concrete goals Signup and view all the answers

Which statement most accurately reflects the need for narcissists concerning social relationships?

They are primarily focused on achieving power over others. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is essential for diagnosing a personality disorder in individuals younger than 18 years old?

The personality patterns must have been present for at least 1 year. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes paranoid personality disorder from other personality disorders?

Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others. Signup and view all the answers

How do individuals with paranoid personality disorder typically interpret others' actions?

They see motives as potentially malevolent. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common behavior associated with paranoid personality disorder?

Easily trust others after a misunderstanding. Signup and view all the answers

In which cluster are paranoid personality disorders classified in the DSM-5?

Cluster A: Odd-eccentric personality disorders. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common response of individuals with paranoid personality disorder to rational arguments against their suspicions?

They may become agitated and defensive. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the DSM-5 clustering system for personality disorders considered limited?

It fails to account for co-occurring personality disorders from different clusters. Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the diagnosis of a personality disorder according to the DSM-5 section III?

At least moderate impairment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a pathological personality trait in the DSM-5 alternative model?

Creativity Signup and view all the answers

In the DSM-5 alternative model, what denotes a distinction between a personality disorder and personality disorder - trait specified diagnosis?

Meeting criteria for a specific disorder Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components evaluated for diagnosing personality disorders as per DSM-5 section III?

Functional impairment and pathological traits Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the emotional state of patients with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)?

Emotional detachment and negative reactivity Signup and view all the answers

The DSM-5 alternative model is best described as:

A hybrid model incorporating both categorical and dimensional aspects Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is NOT included in the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders?

Bipolar Disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary criterion for pathological personality traits in the DSM-5 alternative model?

Developmentally and culturally inappropriate traits Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between functioning and pathological traits in the DSM-5 diagnosis process?

Low functioning can coexist with absence of pathological traits Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential challenge in treating patients with Narcissistic Personality Disorder?

Resistance to critical feedback Signup and view all the answers

What was found to be associated with patients with narcissistic traits' ability to describe their feelings?

Compromised ability to describe emotions Signup and view all the answers

What is linked to self-focused attention in narcissism?

Undermined understanding of emotional differences Signup and view all the answers

What emotional processing functions are compromised due to narcissistic defensiveness?

Identification of one's own feelings Signup and view all the answers

How does narcissism potentially disrupt the biological pathway for emotional feelings?

Influenced by relational and psychological factors Signup and view all the answers

What type of emotional expressions are patients with NPD less accurate in recognizing?

Expressions of fear and disgust Signup and view all the answers

What underlying emotional challenge is often associated with shame in NPD?

Complex developmental experiences Signup and view all the answers

What type of fear do individuals with NPD generally relate to?

Internal anticipations of failure Signup and view all the answers

What reaction can feelings related to explicit other-directed attributions evoke in NPD?

Shame-based aggressive reactions Signup and view all the answers

How is alexithymia related to narcissism?

Higher degree of alexithymia Signup and view all the answers

What regulatory strategy might individuals with NPD employ in response to implicit shame?

Perfectionism and competitiveness Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic distinction between schizoid and schizotypal personality disorders?

Schizotypal personality disorder presents with odd thinking and eccentric behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a known difficulty faced by individuals with schizoid personality disorder regarding treatment?

They may perceive therapy as stressful rather than helpful. Signup and view all the answers

How do social skills treatments typically work for individuals with schizoid personality disorder?

Through role-playing and homework assignments to practice social skills. Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive distortion is commonly found in individuals with schizotypal personality disorder?

Conceiving that their thoughts can influence external events. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of schizotypal personality disorder that differentiates it from simple social avoidance?

Bizarre perceptual experiences and illusions. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with paranoia in individuals with schizotypal personality disorder?

Believing others are deceptive and hostile. Signup and view all the answers

What defines the heritability aspect of schizoid personality disorder?

Low sociability and warmth traits may have a genetic component. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes illusions in schizotypal personality disorder from hallucinations?

Illusions are short of hallucinations and are often based on real-life stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What is often a result of the combination of schizotypal personality disorder with other conditions?

Higher risks of comorbidity with paranoid and avoidant personality disorders. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Definition of Personality Disorders

Stable and enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Emerge in adolescence or early adulthood.
Deviate from cultural norms.
Pervasive and inflexible across many life aspects.
Lead to distress or impairment.
Diagnosed in individuals younger than 18 only if patterns have been present for at least one year (except antisocial PD).
Require at least one year of presence in adolescents.

DSM-5 Personality Disorder Clusters

Cluster A: Odd-eccentric personality disorders - Similar symptoms to schizophrenia spectrum (e.g., inappropriate affect, odd thought, speech patterns).
Cluster B: Dramatic-emotional personality disorders - Often manipulative, volatile, and uncaring in social relationships. Are prone to impulsive and sometimes violent behaviors.
Cluster C: Anxious-fearful personality disorders - Extreme concern about criticism or abandonment and dysfunctional relationships.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others.
Believe others are trying to deceive or exploit them.
Preoccupied with being victimized or mistreated.
Hypervigilant for evidence confirming suspicions.
Consider events highly meaningful and analyze other people's intentions.
Sensitive to perceived criticism and tend to bear grudges.
Resistant to counter-arguments about suspicions; view arguments as further confirmations of conspiracies.
May withdraw to protect themselves or become hostile.
Comorbid with major depression, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and psychotic episodes.
Prognosis is generally poor.
Heritability is around 0.50.
Cognitive theories: Underlying belief in others' malevolence/deception and lack of self-confidence in defending oneself.
Risk factors include exposure to discrimination, prejudice, childhood trauma, and low socioeconomic status.
Difficult to treat due to reluctance to address paranoia.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Extreme detachment from social relationships.
Limited expression of emotions in interpersonal settings.
No interest in family, friendship, or sexual relationships.
Emotionally detached, indifferent to praise or criticism.
View relationships as unrewarding, messy, and intrusive.
Function well in careers that do not require frequent interaction.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Detachment from social relationships.
Extreme discomfort with social relationships.
Odd thinking and eccentric behaviors.
Highly superstitious or fascinated with the paranormal.
May have bizarre perceptual experiences.
Consider their behavior/appearance odd, peculiar, or eccentric.
Often comorbid with paranoid and avoidant personality disorders.
Cognitive and perceptual distortions (paranoia, ideas of reference, odd beliefs, illusions).
Speech may be circumstantial, vague, or overelaborate.
Easily distracted or fixated on objects.
Heritability estimated at 0.81.
Associated with high dopamine levels in certain brain areas.
Frequently report childhood adversities.
Treated with neuroleptics and atypical antipsychotics, usually at lower doses.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Extreme instability in one's self-image and relationships.
Impulsivity in various contexts.
Intense and unstable relationships (love/hate).
Worry about abandonment.
Impulsive behaviors like drug abuse, eating binges, risky sex, self-harm (e.g., self-mutilation, suicide attempts).
Mood swings, little sense of personal identity, meaning, or self-efficacy.
Periods of self-doubt alternating with grandiose self-importance.
Dissociative states (feeling unreal, losing track of time, or losing sense of identity).
Clinging to new acquaintances and therapists to fill internal void.
Misinterpret others' actions as abandonment or rejection.
Comorbid with substance abuse, depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), specific phobias, panic disorder, and somatization disorder.
High suicide attempt rate (75%) and suicide death rate (10%).
~85% remission within 10-15 years, with a minority relapsing.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Exaggerated displays of emotions.
Excessive attention-seeking behavior.
Intense need to be the center of attention.
Feeling uncomfortable when not the center of attention.
Use physical appearance to draw attention with a seductive, sexually provocative style.
Dramatic/exaggerated expressions of emotions (often shallow & volatile).
Easily influenced by others.
Consider casual acquaintances close relationships.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Disregard for and violation of others' rights.
Deceitful, exploits others for personal gain.
Feels no remorse for harm caused.
Aggressive, irresponsible, impulsive, and reckless.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Consider themselves superior and deserve admiration.
Feel entitled to special treatment/admiration.
Lack concern for others' needs.
Arrogant and exploiting of others.
Shallow emotional expression & relationships.
Fantasize about high status and envy high achievers.
Demand others follow their wishes.
Fail to value others' needs.
Engage in grandiose fantasies.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Social inhibition, shyness, feelings of inadequacy.
Overly sensitive to potential negative evaluation.
Extreme fear of criticism, disapproval, and rejection.
Severe restriction in social situations (unless certain of being liked).
Avoid work activities involving interpersonal contact.
Want social connections but fear rejection.

Dependent Personality Disorder

Excessive need to be taken care of.
Submissive and clinging behaviors.
Fear of separation.
Need for others to make everyday decisions.
Unable to take initiative on their own.
Sacrifice to maintain support/nurturance.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control.
Preoccupied with details (lists, schedules) that the activity's purpose is lost.
Cannot complete tasks because of perfectionist expectations and resisting delegation.
Prioritize work over personal relationships.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) and Paranoid Personality Disorder, including their characteristics, treatment options, and diagnostic criteria. This quiz will challenge your understanding of social relationships and mentalization issues associated with these personality disorders.