Nanomaterials Properties and Uses

Nanomaterials composed entirely of carbon atoms, with a focus on their structure and size.

Metal and metal oxide nanomaterials are inorganic nanoparticles, such as gold, silver, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide.

Mainly composed of organic matter, without carbon or inorganic compounds. They have weak, non-covalent bonds that can be easily manipulated.

Combinations of different types of nanomaterials, like blending metal with carbon or organic materials.

A specific type of nanomaterial made from ceramics, known for being heat-resistant, inorganic, and non-metallic.

The ability to change the properties of materials by adding small amounts of another element, often influencing their structure and electrical conductivity.

The process of removing oxygen atoms from a material, which can impact its properties and electrical conductivity.

A material with a porous structure, allowing for increased surface area and potential for various applications.

Nanomaterials are substances with grain sizes in the range of one billionth of a meter, also known as nanocrystalline materials.

Nanotechnology involves manipulating materials at the atomic and molecular level, resulting in unique properties and applications.

Nanomaterials exhibit different properties compared to their bulk counterparts due to their extremely small size and increased surface area.

Carbon nanomaterials are a group of nanomaterials based on carbon, including fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.

Metal and metal oxide nanomaterials are composed of metal atoms or compounds, often exhibiting unique optical, electrical, and magnetic properties.

Organic nanomaterials are composed of carbon-based molecules and often exhibit specific properties influenced by their structure and functional groups.

Nanocomposites combine two or more different materials at the nanoscale, resulting in enhanced properties like strength or conductivity.

Ceramic nanomaterials, or nanoceramics, are ceramic materials engineered at the nanoscale, possessing improved strength, hardness, and thermal resistance.

Semiconductor nanomaterials are materials with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator, often used in electronics and solar cells.

Polymeric nanomaterials are polymers engineered at the nanoscale, often possessing enhanced properties such as flexibility, strength, and biocompatibility.

Nanomaterials are classified based on their dimensions and sizes, categorized into 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D structures.

Nanomaterials can be naturally occurring or synthetically manufactured, each with unique properties and applications.

Top-down methods involve breaking down larger materials into nanoscale components, while bottom-up methods involve assembling nanoscale structures from individual atoms or molecules.

The hydrothermal method involves synthesizing nanomaterials in a high-pressure, high-temperature aqueous solution.

The solvothermal method is similar to hydrothermal, but uses solvents other than water, enabling synthesis of different nanomaterials.

Nanomaterials whose properties are determined by their grain boundaries, according to Gleiter's classification.

Nanomaterials whose properties are determined by their shape and dimensionality, according to Pokropivny and Skorokhod.

Nanomaterials formed naturally in the environment, usually in biological species like microbes or plants.

Nanomaterials created through human intervention, often using biological, chemical, or physical methods.

Creating nanomaterials with precise shapes and sizes for specific applications.

Methods used to evaluate the properties and characteristics of nanomaterials.

The process of adding small amounts of another element to a material to change its properties, often affecting its electrical conductivity.

Production methods that involve breaking down bulk materials into smaller nanoparticles using physical processes like crushing, milling, and grinding.

Production methods that involve building up nanomaterials atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule. This method is often used to create uniform and well-defined nanoparticles.

Nanomaterial production methods that aim to control specific chemical processes to ensure uniform particle size, distribution, and morphology.

Nanomaterial production methods that are environmentally friendly and economical, avoiding waste and minimizing costs.

The ability to produce evenly shaped nanomaterials and control their size and distribution.

The challenge of creating nanomaterials with specific surface structures that can influence their physical properties and reactivity.

The challenge of minimizing losses in the shape and crystal structure of nanomaterials during production.

The ability to produce nanomaterials with specific desired functionalities, such as improved electrical conductivity or catalytic activity.

A method for producing thin films by chemically or physically reacting precursors in the gas phase.

A common gas phase method involving electron bombardment to heat the TiO2 material, resulting in evaporation and deposition of a thin film.

A rapid method for producing crystalline nanomaterials, particularly useful for high-quality rutile rods, using microwave energy to drive chemical reactions.

A versatile and controllable method for synthesizing various oxide materials by using chemical reactions in a liquid solution.

A type of gas phase deposition that creates thin films without any chemical reactions. It's a physical process where atoms from a vapor deposit on a substrate.

A common method for producing thin films, often contrasting with physical vapor deposition (PVD), where chemical reactions play a crucial role in the deposition process.

A step in the Sol-Gel method that involves the maturation of a wet gel in a different solvent, influencing the final properties of the nanomaterial.

The scattering of light by particles, which can change depending on the size of the nanoparticles. Smaller particles scatter light differently than larger particles.

The amount of light reflected back from a surface. Nanoparticles can affect reflectance based on their size. Larger particles usually reflect more light.

The property of a material to attract or repel magnets. Nanoparticles can exhibit unique magnetic properties depending on their size and composition.

The strength of a magnet. For nanoparticles, magnetic moment can be influenced by the number of magnetic atoms or the number of lone pair electrons in the material.

The way a material reacts to stress and strain. Nanoparticles can be harder, stronger, and more resistant to wear than their bulk counterparts.

The ability of materials to resist deformation. Nanoparticles can improve the hardness of materials, making them more resistant to scratching and wear.

The ability of a material to resist stretching. Nanoparticles can improve the tensile strength of materials, making them stronger and more durable.

The ability of nanoparticles to improve the properties of organic materials. Adding nanoparticles to organic compounds can make them stronger and more resistant to damage.