30 Questions
What is the suffix used in common nomenclature for fatty acid names?
-ic
What is the name of the C18 unsaturated fatty acid with 2 double bonds?
Octadecadienoic Acid
Where do fatty acids from the diet get delivered to cells from?
The blood
What is the primary function of β-oxidation?
To break down fatty acids
What is the name of the process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in mitochondria and peroxisomes?
Beta oxidation
What is the form in which fatty acids are stored primarily within adipocytes of adipose tissue?
Triacylglycerols
What prevents the inappropriate mobilization of stored fat in a well-fed individual?
Insulin
What is the net result of the fatty acid activation process in the cytoplasm?
Consumption of 2 molar equivalents of ATP
Where does the oxidation of fatty acids occur?
Mitochondria
What is the intermediate involved in the transport of fatty acyl-CoA into the mitochondria?
Acyl-carnitine
What is the enzyme that catalyzes the regeneration of fatty acyl-CoA in the mitochondria?
Carnitine acyltransferase II
What is the purpose of fatty acid activation in the cytoplasm?
To facilitate β-oxidation
What is the purpose of carnitinepalmitoyltransferase I in the transport of fatty acid into the mitochondria?
To exchange CoA for carnitine
What is the product of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenation reaction in β-oxidation?
Trans-Δ2-enoyl-CoA
What is the function of enoyl-CoA hydratase in β-oxidation?
To catalyze the hydration of the double bond
What is the product of the 2nd dehydrogenation reaction in β-oxidation?
Ketone
What is the result of the thiolytic cleavage of the thioester in β-oxidation?
Formation of acyl-CoA and a shorter fatty acyl-CoA
What is the net result of one round of β-oxidation?
Formation of a shorter fatty acyl-CoA
What is produced during the complete β-oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms?
Acetyl-CoA units and 1 mole of propionyl-CoA
What is the role of methylmalonyl CoA racemase in β-oxidation of lipids with odd number of carbons?
Converting the D-isomer to the L-isomer
What is required for handling double bonds at odd-numbered carbons during β-oxidation?
Enoyl CoA isomerase
What is the final product of the ATP-dependent pathway that propionyl-CoA is converted to?
Succinyl-CoA
What is the purpose of β-oxidation of lipids with odd number of carbons?
To break down fatty acids into energy
What is the role of methylmalonyl CoA mutase in β-oxidation of lipids with odd number of carbons?
Converting propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA
What is the effect of sulfonylurea drugs such as tolbutamide and glyburide on carnitine acyltransferases?
Inhibition
What is the most common form of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency?
Medium Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency
What is the typical presentation of Medium Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency in the first years of life?
Following a prolonged fasting period
What is the diagnostic indicator of Medium Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency?
Excessive urinary excretion of medium-chain dicarboxylic acids
What is the primary treatment for Medium Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency?
Avoiding prolonged fasting periods
What is the characteristic accumulation of Refsum's disease patients?
Large quantities of phytanic acid
Test your understanding of naming conventions for fatty acids, including saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and how they are derived from parent hydrocarbons. Practice recalling the correct suffixes and prefixes used in naming these acids.
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