Fatty Acid Nomenclature: Systematic and Common Names

• The video discusses the nomenclature of fatty acids, including their common and systematic names.

• Fatty acids are a diverse group of compounds, represented by the general formula R-COOH, where R is a hydrocarbon chain with a certain length.

• Fatty acids exist in our body, mainly in the form of esters in fats, such as triglycerides, and can also be found in natural oils, like olive oil.

• Non-esterified fatty acids are also known as free fatty acids (FFA) or acylglycerides.

• Fatty acids in natural fats usually have an even number of carbon atoms and a linear chain of carbon atoms that can be saturated (without double bonds) or unsaturated (with one or more double bonds).

• The nomenclature of fatty acids is based on the hydrocarbon chain, with the suffix "-oic" added to the end of the name.

• For example, a saturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms is named octadecanoic acid, and an unsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms and a double bond at the 9th carbon atom is named 9-octadecenoic acid.

• The location of double bonds is indicated by the carbon atom number, and multiple double bonds are separated by commas.

• The video provides a table summarizing the systematic names of fatty acids with different numbers of carbon atoms, from 4 to 20.

• The table also includes examples of unsaturated fatty acids with one, two, or three double bonds.

• The video also discusses the common names of fatty acids, which are often derived from their origin, such as palmitic acid (from palm oil) and stearic acid (from animal fat).

• The common names of fatty acids can be ionized to form carboxylates, such as palmitate and stearate.

• The video provides a downloadable PDF file with a summary of the nomenclature rules and examples for each type of fatty acid.