32 Questions
How is the notation 18:0 interpreted for a fatty acid?
It denotes a C18 fatty acid with no double bonds
What is the systematic name for a C18 fatty acid with one double bond?
Octadecenoic acid
What does the symbol ∆9 indicate in the context of fatty acids?
A double bond between carbons 9 and 10 of the fatty acid
What is the position of a double bond denoted by ω9 in a fatty acid?
Ninth carbon counting from the terminal methyl carbon
Which carbon atoms are known as α, β, and γ in the context of fatty acids?
Carbons adjacent to the carboxyl carbon
What does C18:1 ω3 signify in the context of fatty acids?
A C18 fatty acid with one double bond at the third position from the carboxyl carbon
Which type of triglycerides consists of three fatty acids connected to glycerol of the same type?
Simple triglycerides
What is the main reason for oils being liquid at room temperature and fats being solids?
Presence of unsaturated fatty acids in oils
What is the most abundant type of lipids in nature?
Neutral fats and oils (Triglycerides)
What causes the yellow color of body fat or milk fat in cow milk?
Association with carotene pigments
What are triglycerides esterified with one molecule of fatty acid called?
Monoglycerides
What is the process by which fats and oils are hydrolyzed into their constituents by alkali or enzyme?
Lipolysis
What are the commonest fatty acids found in animal fats?
Palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids
What are the physical properties of freshly prepared fats and oils?
Colorless, odorless, and tasteless
1
Fats have specific gravity less than 1 (one) and float on water.
Where does the process of hydrolysis of fats and oils occur?
In the presence of alkali or enzyme
What is the systematic name for a C18 fatty acid with two double bonds?
Octadecatrienoic acid
How is the position of a double bond represented in the context of fatty acids?
By a symbol ∆ followed by a superscript number
What does the notation 18:2 signify in the context of fatty acids?
A C18 fatty acid with two double bonds
What are the carbon atoms adjacent to the carboxyl carbon known as in the context of fatty acids?
α, β, and γ carbons
What is the main reason for oils being liquid at room temperature and fats being solids?
The degree of saturation of the fatty acids
What causes the yellow color of body fat or milk fat in cow milk?
Presence of carotenoids in the diet
What is the systematic name for a C18 fatty acid with one double bond?
Oleic acid
Which type of triglycerides consists of three fatty acids connected to glycerol of different types?
Mixed triglycerides
What does the symbol ∆9 indicate in the context of fatty acids?
The position of a double bond
What causes the yellow color of body fat or milk fat in cow milk?
Carotene pigments
How is the notation 18:0 interpreted for a fatty acid?
18 carbon atoms and 0 double bonds
What are the physical properties of freshly prepared fats and oils?
Colorless, odorless, insoluble in water
Where does the process of hydrolysis of fats and oils occur?
In the pancreas
What is the main reason for oils being liquid at room temperature and fats being solids?
Presence of larger percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in oils than fats
What are triglycerides esterified with one molecule of a fatty acid called?
Monoglycerides
What are the commonest fatty acids found in animal fats?
Palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids
Study Notes
Fatty Acid Notation
- 18:0 notation indicates a fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms and no double bonds.
Fatty Acid Structure
- The systematic name for a C18 fatty acid with one double bond is oleic acid.
- The symbol ∆9 indicates that the double bond is at the 9th carbon atom from the carboxyl end.
- ω9 denotes the position of a double bond, with ω (omega) referring to the methyl end of the fatty acid.
- α, β, and γ carbon atoms are the first, second, and third carbon atoms, respectively, from the carboxyl end.
Triglycerides
- A type of triglyceride with three fatty acids connected to glycerol of the same type is called a simple triglyceride.
- C18:1 ω3 signifies a triglyceride with 18 carbon atoms, one double bond, and the double bond at the ω3 position.
Physical Properties
- Oils are liquid at room temperature, and fats are solids, mainly due to the degree of unsaturation and chain length of the fatty acids.
- Freshly prepared fats and oils have a neutral smell, clear appearance, and are insoluble in water.
Lipid Classification
- The most abundant type of lipid in nature is triglycerides.
- Triglycerides esterified with one molecule of fatty acid are called monoacylglycerols.
- The process of hydrolysis of fats and oils occurs in the small intestine.
- The process is catalyzed by lipases, which break down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.
Fatty Acid Characteristics
- The commonest fatty acids found in animal fats are oleic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid.
- The yellow color of body fat or milk fat in cow milk is due to the presence of carotenoid pigments.
Hydrolysis
- Hydrolysis of fats and oils involves the breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol, catalyzed by alkali or enzymes.
Test your knowledge on the systematic naming of fatty acids based on the parent hydrocarbon and the number of double bonds. Learn the rules for naming different types of fatty acids and improve your understanding of their nomenclature.
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